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Introduction: To conduct a successful endodontic treatment, one needs to identify, clean and completely obturate the whole root canals.One important reason of reduction in success of endodontic treatment in maxillary molars is failure in identification and treatment of second mesiobuccal canal. Therefore, the present study intended to analyze the anatomy of mesiobuccal root of first maxillary molar in terms of the presence or absence of second mesiobuccal canal by using CBCT (Cone Beam Computed Tomography) technique. Methods: In this analytical study, 30 extracted maxillary first permanent molars were collected and placed in a solution of 5/25% sodium hypochlorite for 24 hours. Then each tooth was individually mounted in plastic cylinder using modeling wax. The cylinders were divided into 6 groups of 5 samples. The samples of each group were placed in CBCT machine in the form of a U to operate the imaging procedure. The images were analysed by an experienced observer (oral and maxillofacial radiologist). Percentage analysis was done for this study. Results: Assessment by CBCT revealed presence of second mesiobuccal canal in 60% of samples, out of which in 55.55% the second mesiobuccal canal was in coronal 3rd, in 33.33% in middle 3rd and in 11.11% was in apical 3rd. Conclusion: According to this study, it can be concluded that in more than half of mesiobuccal roots of maxillary first molars, there are two canals and CBCT scans could be helpful in finding additional canals in maxillary first molars, and thus could contribute to higher successes in endodontic treatment.

Keywords: Cone beam CT, Maxillary molar, Root canal

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