Volume 33, Issue 12 (3-2026)
JSSU 2026, 33(12): 9654-9670 |
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Barghamadi M, Piri E. Effects of the Immediate and Long-term Water and Thera Band Exercises on Ground Reaction Forces in People with Pronate Foot During Walking: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JSSU 2026; 33 (12) :9654-9670
URL: http://jssu.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-6234-en.html
URL: http://jssu.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-6234-en.html
Abstract: (11 Views)
Introduction: The ankle joint, due to its role in bearing the body’s weight, is one of the most vulnerable joints of the lower extremity. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of immediate and long-term water and TheraBand exercises on ground reaction forces in individuals with pronate feet during walking.
Methods: The present study was a systematic review and meta-analysis. A search for Persian and English articles was conducted from the beginning of 2021 to the beginning of June 2024 in the citation databases WOS, SID, Magiran, Scopus, PubMed, ISC and Google Scholar search engine. Four articles were selected based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The short-term and long-term effects of ground reaction forces, impulse, free torque and loading rate of the studies were collected and meta-analyzed. The Downs and Black questionnaire was used to evaluate the quality of the articles. Quantitative data synthesis was conducted using the Cochrane Review Manager (Version 5.1).
Results: The findings indicated that an 8-week regimen of aquatic exercises significantly enhances anterior-posterior force during the heel strike phase (P=0.002; I=84%). Additionally, the results suggested a meaningful reduction in medial-lateral impulse (P=0.03; Z=2.16) and positive peak free torque in individuals with pronated feet during walking (P=0.02; Z=2.33). Furthermore, the data showed that eight weeks of aquatic training can significantly increase the negative peak free moment (P=0.0001; Z=3.81). The results of meta-analysis demonstrated that both short-term and long-term (eight weeks) effects of aquatic and Theraband exercises had no significant impact on vertical and internal-external forces (during both the heel contact and push-off phases), as well as on anterior-posterior force during the push-off phase (P>0.05).
Conclusion: According to the results of the present meta-analysis, it seems that the exercises in the water have long-term clinical and therapeutic effects on people with pronate and can be useful for correcting the walking pattern.
Methods: The present study was a systematic review and meta-analysis. A search for Persian and English articles was conducted from the beginning of 2021 to the beginning of June 2024 in the citation databases WOS, SID, Magiran, Scopus, PubMed, ISC and Google Scholar search engine. Four articles were selected based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The short-term and long-term effects of ground reaction forces, impulse, free torque and loading rate of the studies were collected and meta-analyzed. The Downs and Black questionnaire was used to evaluate the quality of the articles. Quantitative data synthesis was conducted using the Cochrane Review Manager (Version 5.1).
Results: The findings indicated that an 8-week regimen of aquatic exercises significantly enhances anterior-posterior force during the heel strike phase (P=0.002; I=84%). Additionally, the results suggested a meaningful reduction in medial-lateral impulse (P=0.03; Z=2.16) and positive peak free torque in individuals with pronated feet during walking (P=0.02; Z=2.33). Furthermore, the data showed that eight weeks of aquatic training can significantly increase the negative peak free moment (P=0.0001; Z=3.81). The results of meta-analysis demonstrated that both short-term and long-term (eight weeks) effects of aquatic and Theraband exercises had no significant impact on vertical and internal-external forces (during both the heel contact and push-off phases), as well as on anterior-posterior force during the push-off phase (P>0.05).
Conclusion: According to the results of the present meta-analysis, it seems that the exercises in the water have long-term clinical and therapeutic effects on people with pronate and can be useful for correcting the walking pattern.
Type of Study: Review article |
Subject:
Exercise Physiology
Received: 2024/06/27 | Accepted: 2024/09/8 | Published: 2026/05/5
Received: 2024/06/27 | Accepted: 2024/09/8 | Published: 2026/05/5
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