Journal of

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Introduction: Obesity causes accumulation of proinflammatory factors in adipose tissue and it is regarded as a risk factor for diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Aerobic exercise increases insulin sensitivityand reduces fat accumulation and proinflammatory factors. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of endurance exercise on resistin gene expression as one of the proinfammatory agents in visceral adipose tissues in diet-induced obese male rats.

Methods: In an experimental study,  20 Wistar male rats divided into 3 groups: control (standard diet), fat (high-fat diet) and endurance exercise groups (high-fat diet and endurance exercise). Endurance training protocol included 60 minutes exercise per day using an animal treadmill at a speed of 22 meters per minute with 70% of VO₂ max, 5 days a week, and for 8 weeks. Changes in body weights of rats were measured and the resistin gene expression in tissue samples analyzed using real-time polymerase chain reaction.

Results: High-fat diet increased significantly the weight of rats in the fat group (P<0.01). Resistin gene expression in visceral adipose tissues of rats in the fat group increased 2 times in comparison to those of the control group, but this increase was not statistically significant. Endurance exercise reduced resistin gene expression about 4 times in comparison to those of the fat group, but this reduction was not statistically significant, too.

Conclusion: It can be concluded that obesity could increase and endurance training could reduce the resistin gene expression in visceral adipose tissue in rats. Although the present study suggests the beneficial effects of exercise, more studies are needed in this field.

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IntrodutionThe purpose of this study was investigating the effect of endurance training on protein expression of CGI-58, ATGL and serum levels of insulin and glucose in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
Methods: 24 male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to three groups of eight, including diabetic group with endurance exercise (D-E), diabetic (D) and healthy control groups (Con). After induction of diabetic rats by injection streptozotocin was administered intraperitoneal , endurance exercise was applied for eight weeks, three sessions pre week in diabetic rats. Exercise intensity was equal to a speed of 21-25 m / min. The relative expression of CGI-58 and ATGL protein was measured with western blot technique and serum insulin and glucose levels were measured with a specialized kit. One-way ANOVA test was performed using SPSS-20 software and at a significance level less than 5%.
Results: Results showed that ATGL and CGI-58 values were significantly different between the three groups (p <0.001). ATGL difference between the groups of diabetic group with endurance exercise with control (p = 0.001) and diabetic (p = 0.001)was significant. CGI-58 difference between the groups of diabetic group with endurance exercise with control (p = 0.001) and diabetic (p = 0.002) was significant. In addition, serum glucose and insulin levels decreased significantly after eight weeks of training (p <0.05).
Conclusion: It seems that CGI-58 play a vital role in activating lipolysis by ATGL and increasing in CGI-58 leads to an increase in ATGL and ultimately leads to increased levels of intramuscular triglyceride oxidation and improved insulin resistance.

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Introduction: The mTOR pathway in skeletal muscle plays a very important role in the protein synthesis process, which plays a very important role in proteins. The role of endurance exercise has not yet been studied in this important pathway in protein synthesis in people with type 2 diabetes. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of 8 weeks endurance training on the content of total and phosphorylated AKT1, mTOR, P70S6K1 and 4E-BP1 in skeletal muscle FHL of rats with type 2 diabetes.
Methods: In this experimental study, 16 Sprague-Dawely male rats with average weight of 270±20 were selected and randomly divided into two groups: control (n=8) and endurance training (n=8). The training group exercised according to the training program 4 days a week for 8 weeks. While the control group had no training program. T-test and SPSS V-19 were used to analyze the data.
Results: There was not observed any significant difference in the content of total (P=0.58) and phosphorylated (P=0.33) AKT1, total (P=0.47) and phosphorylated (P=0.78) mTOR, total (P=0.24) and phosphorylated (P=0.12) P70S6K1 and total (P=0.45) and phosphorylated (P=0.48) 4E-BP1 proteins in the endurance training group compared to the control group.
Conclusion: Endurance training for 8 weeks could not increase the total and phosphorylated content proteins of the present study; therefore, it cannot lead to protein synthesis or muscle hypertrophy through mTORC1 pathway.