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Introduction : In order to evaluate the role of thyroid autoimmunity in patients with goiter, this study was done 10 years after implementation of iodine supplementation program ( iodised salt). The serum levels of thyroid peroxidase antibodies (Anti TPO) and thyroglobulin antibodies (anti TG) were studied in a group of patients with simple goiter and compared with normal controls. Materials and methods: We performed this study at the endocrine clinic of Noor Hospital in Isfahan University using simple sampling method in those patients that had normal thyroid function tests: The patients with simple goiter were enrolled in case group (N =105) and those without goiter in control group (N=85). Results: 34.3% (n=36) in case group and 19.1% (n=17) in control group had elevated Anti TPO titer (p value=0.018). 42.9% (n=45) in case group and 23.6% (n=21) in control group had elevated Anti TG titer (p value=0.005). Discussion : Considering the higher percentage of elevated levels of anti thyroid antibodies in the case group,we conclude that thyroid autoimmunity has an important role in goiter prevalence and increased iodine intake may play a role in thyroid autoimmunity.

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Introduction: Glaucoma is one of the leading causes of blindness throughout the world. Some studies have suggested a relationship between glaucoma and sensorineural hearing loss, while others have found no evidence of an association. We performed a study to determine whether there is a significant difference in hearing of patients with glaucoma and a match control population. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, from February, 2005 till April, 2006, 44 patients with glaucoma were studied. The age range was between 15 to 60 years. After taking a complete medical history, those suffering from presbycusis, history of exposure to ototoxic drugs and substances and history of ear surgery were excluded from the study. All of the patients were cases of open-angle glaucoma, and were surveyed separately for normal-pressure glaucoma. Then complete audiometric tests (PTA, SDS, SRT, Impedance) were conducted for all of them, and the results compared with a control group. Results: There was no statistically significant difference between the case group and control group in PTA, SDS, and SRT, except for Normal Tension Glaucoma (NTG). There wasn't any statistically significant difference between two groups with respect to age, gender, and history of diseases. In the NTG group, significant difference was seen only in high frequencies. Conclusion: As mentioned, there was a statistically significant difference between NTG group and control group. It is therefore recommended to conduct complete audiometric tests and histopathologic examinations in this group for early detection of hearing loss and application of rehabilitative measures.

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Introduction: Type II Diabetes is one of the most prevalent endocrine diseases in the world that results from a combination of insulin resistance and ß-cell failure. Regarding importance of nutritional factors in management of diabetes, this study was designed to explore the effect of sesame oil on blood glucose and lipid profile in type II diabetic patients at Yazd Diabetes Research Center in 2007. Methods: A quasi-experimental study was conducted on 25 patients with type II diabetes mellitus (age: 51.5±6.28y BMI:27.3±3kg/m2 disease duration:7.08±5.03y Fasting blood glucose level: 181±51.9mg/dl). Subjects received 30 g/day sesame oil for 6 weeks. Sesame oil was supplied to the patients, who were instructed to use it in place of other cooking oils for 42 days. Plasma glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), lipid profiles [Total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and triglycerides (TG)] were measured at baseline and after 45 days of sesame oil substitution. 24 hours dietary recalls were obtained at the start , middle and end of study. Data was analyzed using analysis of variance with repeated measures and paired t-test. Results: Following 42 days intake of sesame oil, there were significant decrease in FBS (181±51.93 vs 154±39.65 mg/dl), HbA1c (9.64 ± 2 vs 8.4 ± 1.74 percent), TC (226.68 ± 31.4 vs 199.8 ± 37.87 mg/dl), LDL-c (123.9 ± 34.56 vs 95.53 ± 32.54 mg/dl) compared to pre-treatment values. (P <0.05) . Blood TG level decreased after intake of sesame oil but this difference was not significant (P=0.2).Also, the changes of HDL-c levels were not significant (P=0.1). Conclusion: Sesame oil consumption results in considerable decrease in blood sugar, HbA1c and blood lipid levels (TC and LDL-C) in type II diabetics.

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Introduction: The mitochondrial defects in Friedreich ataxia (FRDA) have been reported in many researches. Friedreich ataxia is an autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disorder caused by decreased expression of the Frataxin protein. Frataxin deficiency leads to excessive free radical production and dysfunction of respiratory chain complexes. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) could be considered as a candidate modifier factor for FRDA disease. It prompted us to focus on the mtDNA and monitor the nucleotide changes of genome which are probably the cause of respiratory chain defects and reduced ATP generation. Methods: We searched the mitochondrial NADH dehydroganase I (ND1) gene by PCR-TTGE and DNA fragments showing abnormal banding patterns were sequenced for the identification of exact mutations. Results: In 20 patients, we detected 3 mtDNA mutations which is novel in Friedreich ataxia. T4216C mutation results in conversion of Tyrosine to Histidine in 313 amino acid locations in ND1 and bioinformatics studies show that ND1 protein loses sixth intramembrane α chain. Conclusion: Our results showed that ND1 gene mutations in FRDA samples are higher than normal controls (P<0.001). It is possible that mutations in mtDNA could constitute a predisposing factor in combination with environmental risk factors that could affect the age of onset and rate of disease progression.

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Introduction: Irritable Bowel Syndrome(IBS) is a common clinical syndrome that presents with abdominal pain, diarrhea and constipation, and flatulence which may be intermittent. Also celiac disease, an enteropathy due to gluten sensitivity, presents with diarrhea resulting from mal-absorption, which should be considered as a differential diagnosis of IBS. If celiac is diagnosed in a patient suspicious to IBS, the treatment method will be changed completely. This study was designed to evaluate celiac disease in IBS patients. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 125 patients 15-50 years old suffering from IBS with diarrhea- predominant clinical picture, who were referred to Yazd gastroenterology clinics. The study data including age, gender and results of anti TTG measurement were collected and analyzed by SPSS 13. Duodenal biopsy was performed in patients that were positive for anti TTG for confirmation of diagnosis. Results: 125 patients suffering from IBS with diarrhea- predominant clinical picture entered the study. Their mean age was 29.85±9.22 years. 74 subjects (59.2%) were males and 51 (40.8%) were females. Four patients showed positive anti TTG (3 males and 1 female). Duodenal biopsy was performed and diagnosis of celiac disease was confirmed in all four patients (3 with March II and with March I grade). Totally the frequency of celiac disease was 3.2% in this study. There was no significant relationship between age, gender and anti TTG results, which can be explained by small sample size. Conclusion: According to the results of the study and the frequency of celiac, it is not an uncommon and rare disease, so it should be considered as one of the differential diagnoses of IBS.

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Introduction: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic systemic inflammatory autoimmune disease characterized by a breakdown of self-tolerance. Transforming growth factor-β1 is a cytokine produced by both immune and non immune cells, and it has a wide operating range. human TGF-β1 gene is located on chromosome 19q13 . The aim of this study was investigating the TGF-β1 Gene Polymorphism at Position -800G /A and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus the possible difference in two promoter polymorphisms of the transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) gene (-800G / A, -509C / T).

Methods: In this case - control study, a total of 150 patients with SLE and 150 healthy subjects were examined. DNA was extracted by saluting out method and Single nucleotide Polymorphisms of the TGF-β1gene were analyzed by the PCR-RFLP method and the .Data were compared in both groups by using Pearson’s chi-square and Hardy-weinberg equilibrium test.

Results: There was a statistically significant difference in AA genotype and A allele frequency distributions between SLE patients and the control group for the -800G / A polymorphism of the TGF-β1 gene (P < 0.05). At position -509, there was no statically significant difference in genotype and allele frequency between the patients and the control subjects.

Conclusion : The results of our study indicate that TGF-β1 gene promoter polymorphisms at positions -800 G/A maybe discuss susceptibility to SLE in southern Iranian patients.

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Introduction: Episiotomy has some complications such as inflammation, edema, dehiscence and perineal pain. The object of this study was comparison of the early complications of episiotomy repair with rapid vicryl and chromic catgut in the nulliparous women.
Methods: In this randomized clinical trial, 100 nulliparous women during labor were randomly selected and divided equally into two groups (50 in each group). Repair of episiotomy in the first group with rapid vicryl and in the second group with chromic catgut was done. The tools were questionnaires on demographic and midwifery characteristics, Reeda scale and visual analog scale. The participants were evaluated in 4 visits: 24 hours, 3-5 days, 2 weeks and 6 weeks after delivery, respectively. In each visit, the severity of pain, redness, edema, ecchymosis, discharge and proximity to the edges of the episiotomy wound and pain intensity score were assessed. The data were analyzed using SPSS software (v. 16).
Results: Mean pain intensity scores in two groups showed no significant differences. But for Episiotomy wound healing at intervals of 24 hours, 3-5 days and two weeks after delivery, but the total score of Reeda scale in rapid vicryl group was lower than chromic catgut group and this difference was statistically significant (p<0.001).
Conclusion: Based on these findings, it seems that the use of synthetic sutures such as rapid vicryl is more effective than conventional natural sutures in episiotomy repair

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IntrodutionThe purpose of this study was investigating the effect of endurance training on protein expression of CGI-58, ATGL and serum levels of insulin and glucose in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
Methods: 24 male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to three groups of eight, including diabetic group with endurance exercise (D-E), diabetic (D) and healthy control groups (Con). After induction of diabetic rats by injection streptozotocin was administered intraperitoneal , endurance exercise was applied for eight weeks, three sessions pre week in diabetic rats. Exercise intensity was equal to a speed of 21-25 m / min. The relative expression of CGI-58 and ATGL protein was measured with western blot technique and serum insulin and glucose levels were measured with a specialized kit. One-way ANOVA test was performed using SPSS-20 software and at a significance level less than 5%.
Results: Results showed that ATGL and CGI-58 values were significantly different between the three groups (p <0.001). ATGL difference between the groups of diabetic group with endurance exercise with control (p = 0.001) and diabetic (p = 0.001)was significant. CGI-58 difference between the groups of diabetic group with endurance exercise with control (p = 0.001) and diabetic (p = 0.002) was significant. In addition, serum glucose and insulin levels decreased significantly after eight weeks of training (p <0.05).
Conclusion: It seems that CGI-58 play a vital role in activating lipolysis by ATGL and increasing in CGI-58 leads to an increase in ATGL and ultimately leads to increased levels of intramuscular triglyceride oxidation and improved insulin resistance.

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