Showing 17 results for Rats
M Saleh, M Asmar,
Volume 13, Issue 1 (4-2005)
Abstract
Introduction: Toxoplasma gondii is a coccidian parasite and has, as intermediate hosts, many warm-blooded animals, including mammals and birds. Congenital toxoplasmosis is one of the most important infectious diseases seen in fetuses and infants born from mothers infected with Tox.gondii during pregnancy. Congenital infection, which may occur if a mother is infected for the first time during pregnancy, is often serious, resulting in abortion or severe neurological and ophthalmological disorders. Information on human cases of neonatal toxoplasmosis makes it unquestionable that Toxoplasma crosses the placenta and invades the fetus in utero in each of the two cases. .
Methods: Tox. gondii infection in newborn rat litters was detected by a bioassay and parasitological method. Rat litters were billed and where possible, separated from their mothers in order to prevent feeding. Their tissues were separately homogenized in normal saline or PBS and inoculated intraperitoneally in 3 mice. The tissues used for bioassays were brain, hearts, lungs, livers, and spleen of pups, which were killed on the day of birth. In addition, control infected rat were sacrificed and their different tissues were evaluated for parasite burden at each time point of reinfection and chronic infection.
Results: Data in the occurrence of congenital transmission from chronically infected mother rats given similarly graded inoculums of the RH strains (1(106 to 5(106) presented that none of the 36 pups was infected with Tox.gondii. The occurrence of congenital transmission in rats reinfected with Toxoplasma shows that none of the 14 pups was infected with Tox.gondii. Rats were reinfected intra- peritoneally with 1(106 parasite at 1,2 and 4 months after primary infection, respectively.
Conclusion: Thus, this study demonstrated that Rats chronically infected with Tox.gondii, have immunity capable of protecting their embryos from congenital infection, even if they are reinfected during pregnancy and the immunity systems of these mothers can fully protect the fetus from such infections
R Dehghani, T Khamehchian, S Tirgari, H Vatandost, Y Rasi, J Rafeenejad, Gha Mosavi,
Volume 13, Issue 1 (4-2005)
Abstract
Introduction: Hemiscorpius lepturus scorpion present in the southern provinces of the country, especially in Khoozestan stings a lot of people that results in long-standing dangerous side effects and sometimes even mortality. As the study of the effects of this scorpion venom on some laboratory animals can determine its mechanism of action and help us to cure people stung by scorpions, this study has been done to study the effects of Hemiscorpius lepturus venom on levels of WBC, RBC and hematocrit of rats.
Methods: An experimental study has been done on 51 rats of the same race with approximate age of 2-3 months, and weight of 200-250 grams. . All the hematological features including WBC (White Blood Cell), RBC (Red Blood Cell) and HT (Hematocrit) were measured prior to venom injection. The same procedures were followed after injection of 1 microlitre of venom. Results before and after injection have been analyzed by Wilcoxon Matched, Pairs signed and Ranks statistical tests.
Results: The results of the study have shown that the venom caused changes in the levels of WBC, RBC and Hematocrit. The mean level of WBC at the start was 10234, whereas following the venom injection it reached to the level of 11757( P<0.0007). The mean number for RBC before the treatment was 7509130 and after injection, the number declined to 7065098( P<0.0001). The average amount of Hematocrit before and after injection was 40.087% and 39.0588 %, respectively (P<0.001).
Conclusion: Hemiscorpius lepturus venom has some effects on the levels of WBC, RBC and hematocrit of rats. The study of the hematological changes in humans can lead to better study of the effect of this venom and consequently suitable cure for the injured.
M Taherianfard , Ar Abyazi Shelmani,
Volume 15, Issue 3 (12-2007)
Abstract
Introduction: Estrogen and progesterone are supposed to modify pain sensitivity. However, the actual role of each of these steroid hormones in this respect is not well known. Plasma concentrations of these hormones show variation during estrous cycle. The role of alpha2 receptors in tonic pain has been pointed out. The aim of the present study was to investigate the agonist and antagonist effect of alpha2 adrenergic receptors on tonic pain sensitivity during all stages of estrous cycle in female rats.
Methods: Xylasine as alpha2 agonist and yohimbin as alpha2 antagonist were used via intraperitoneal route (IP). Adult rats weighing 180-200 grams were used. Animals were maintained on 12h reverse light/dark cycle for 7 days prior to the experiment. Water and food was available ad libitum. Formalin test was performed by subcutaneous injection of 50 l formalin (2.5%) solution into the hind paw. Formalin test was performed in all stages of estrous cycle for 60 minutes. Animals were divided into four groups 1- control group (intact animal), 2- Sham group (animals received 0.2 ml normal saline by IP route), 3- Agonist groups (animals received 0.2 ml xylasine 1, 3 mg/kg body weight by IP route) and 4- Antagonist group (animals received 0.2 ml yohimbine 1, 3 mg/kg body weight by IP route). Data were statistically analyzed using 2 way ANOVA test followed by Tukey's test as post-hoc test. P<0.05 was considered significant.
Results: Results showed that xylasine significantly (p<0.05) decreases pain sensitivity in all stages of estrous cycle. Analgesic effect of xylasine was maximum in estrus stage of estrous cycle and minimum in metestrus stage of estrous cycle. Yohimbine significantly (p<0.05) increases pain sensitivity in all stages of estrous cycle. Hyperalgesic effect of yohimbine was maximum in metestrus stage of estrous cycle and minimum in estrus stage of estrous cycle.
Conclusion: These results indicate that alpha2 adrenergic system and endogenous steroids have an important role in pain sensitivity.
F Ezoddini -Ardakani, Mh Akhavan Karbasi, Ar Vahidi, N Mirjalili, N Eslampour,
Volume 16, Issue 1 (4-2008)
Abstract
Introduction: Hypercholesterolemia is a metabolic disorder that ultimately results in arterial sclerosis and complications like hypertension and coronary arterial diseases. Various drugs have been used for the treatment of this condition and many studies are underway for introducing new drugs. Chitosan and Salvadora Persica are two such drugs. Chitosan is produced by deacetylation of chitin which is present mainly in the exoskeleton of crustaceans. The aim of this invitro study was to study the effects of these two drugs on blood lipid levels.
Methods: In this Interventional Laboratory Trial, 30 mature vistar rats weighing 200-250 grams were selected and after a period of two weeks in order to allow them to adapt to their surroundings, they were allotted randomly to 6 groups. The rats were then fed for a period of 15 days with normal or fatty diet, with or without the drugs. Chitosan in pure powder form and persica in the form of hydro alcoholic salvadora persica stem extract were added to the diet of the respective study groups. At the end of this period, blood samples were taken in order to measure cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL and LDL levels. Data was analyzed statistically using SPSS software program and Scheffe, ANOVA and Descriptive statistical tests.
Results: Both chitosan and persica decreased cholesterol and LDL levels in the groups ingesting fatty diet (P< 0.05) and the mean decrease was not statistically different for the two drugs. (P > 0.05). The two drugs had no effect on triglyceride and HDL levels. (P > 0.05) Both chitosan and persica had no effect on blood lipid levels of subjects on normal diet whose cholesterol levels were normal (P > 0.05).
Conclusion: Persica and chitosan have similar effects on reduction of cholesterol and LDL levels in cases of hypercholesterolemia, but have no effect on triglyceride and HDL levels.
A Khoshvaghti , S Nazifi , M Kazemi ,
Volume 17, Issue 4 (10-2009)
Abstract
Introduction: The aim of the present study was to assess variations in coagulating pathways after simultaneous administration of warfarin and vitamin C.
Methods: A total of 50 Wistar rats were selected. The rats were divided into 5 groups (1 group as control and 4 groups as experiment with 10 rats in each group). One group was control group, second group was given only warfarin for 10 days while the third group given warfarin and vitamin C simultaneously for 10 days, fourth group was given only warfarin for 20 days, and fifth group was given warfarin and vitamin C simultaneously for 20 days. After 10th and 20th days of administration of warfarin and vitamin C, blood samples were taken in order to measure the mean PT, PTT, BT and CT levels.
Results: vitamin C caused a decrease in PT and PTT after 20 days. PT and PTT showed a significant decrease after 10 days in the group that received only warfarin as compared to the group that received warfarin and vitamin C. BT levels showed a decrease after both 10 and 20 days in the group that received warfarin and vitamin C together as compared to the group that received only warfarin. There were significant statistical differences in BT of the two groups of rats (group receiving warfarin and vitamin C and group receiving only warfarin) (P< 0.05).
Conclusion: Simultaneous administration of vitamin C and warfarin (20 days) results in decrease of PT, PTT, BT and CT and neutralization of warfarin effect.
The effect of vitamin C on blood coagulation can be similar to vitamin K.
M Kazemi, H Sahraei, M Azarnia, H Bahadoran,
Volume 18, Issue 5 (12-2010)
Abstract
Introduction: Previous studies indicate that morphine consumption during pregnancy can inhibit embryonic development. The present study evaluated the effects of orally administered morphine on the development of embryonic cavities in nine day pregnant rats.
Methods: Female Wistar rats weighing between 170-200 grams were used in the present study. Experimental group received morphine (0.05 mg/ml of tap water) after one night coupling with male rats for mating. On the 9th day of pregnancy, the pregnant animals were anesthetized with chloroform and the embryos were removed surgically and fixed in 10% formalin for a week. The fixed embryos were processed and stained by H & E method and evaluated. The surface areas of amniotic and chorionic cavities and the whole body surface area of embryos were calculated using MOTIC software.
Results: Findings indicated that both chorionic cavity and whole body surface areas of embryos were increased in the experimental group. In addition, surface area of amniotic cavity was reduced in experimental group.
Conclusion: This study showed that oral morphine consumption caused a significant decrease in the embryonic amniotic cavity and furthermore, delay in natural embryonic amniotic cavity development can result in abnormal function and growth defect of the kidneys of infants of mothers addicted to morphine.
S Rezaei Zarchi ,
Volume 19, Issue 5 (12-2011)
Abstract
Introduction: Considering the development of nanotechnology and extensive use of nano-materials are in different fields of industry, it is necessary to investigate their destructive effects on biological systems. Titanium dioxide(TiO2) is used in the production of different dyes, cosmetics, ceramics, photocatalysts, water and sewage treatment and a lot of other products. In the present study, the effect of TiO2 on the number of blood cells and the activity of liver enzymes of rat was assessed.
Methods: Concentrations of 50, 100 and 500 mg/Kg TiO2 nanoparticles (25 nm size) in distilled water were administered orally to Wistar rats for 14 days and some blood factors were studied on the blood samples collected.
Results: Results showed that TiO2 nanoparticles cause different changes in blood cells, and the changes were significant for some of them such as white blood cells (lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils and basophils). Decreased number of red blood cells and increased level of liver enzymes was also observed after the administration of different concentrations of TiO2, which proves the toxic effects of TiO2 on the body.
Conclusion: Results of the present study proved the toxicity of TiO2 nanoparticles on the living organisms. So, further studies are recommended to predict TiO2 toxicity.
Ah Parnow, Z Gourgin-E-Karaji , R Gharakhanlou, S Rajabi ,
Volume 20, Issue 2 (6-2012)
Abstract
Introduction: This study aimed at determining the impact of strength training on the rate of Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor(nAChR) at fast and slow twitch skeletal muscles of rats.
Methods: Ten Wistar rats were divided into two groups randomly: control group(n=5) and strength-training group(n=5) which the latter group participated in a 10-week strength-training program. The strength training program consisted of climbing a 1-meter–long ladder set at 85° angle, with a weight attached to the rats’ tails. The attached weight was gradually increased from 35 g during the first session, to 600 g at the last session of the training program. Forty-eight hours after 10-week training, animals were anaesthetized with a mixture of Ketamine TM and Xylazine and the soleus and anterior tibialis were removed under sterile condition. After removal, tissues were quickly frizzed in liquid nitrogen and then were kept at -70 ° C for later usage. For nAChR assay, ELISA kit(Accurate Chemical, USA) was utilized.
Results: The study results revealed that there was a significant difference between control and strength training groups in nAChR rate in both slow and fast twitch muscle (respectively, P= 0.00 and P=0.03 ). The results also showed that there was a significant difference among fast and slow twitch muscle’s nAChRs in strength(P=0.02), though such difference was not observed in control group(P= 0.07).
Conclusion: Regarding significant increase of nAChR in both slow and fast twitch muscles following strength training, strength training seems to play a crucial role in increase of nAChR in fast and slow twitch muscle through neurotrophic factors that contribute to synthesis and clustering of nAChR.
M Lotfi, A Nouri , A Karimi, A Pilehvarian,
Volume 24, Issue 3 (6-2016)
Abstract
Introduction: Methamphetamine (MAMP) is a central nervous system stimulant that its consumption has increased among youths. Adolescence is considered as a critical period and the reproductive organs are developing is very sensitive so that the. In this study, the effects of methamphetamine on the development of the testes in immature male rats were evaluated.
Methods: 40 immature male Wistar Rats (35-day-old male rats) were divided into four groups: control and the group receiving methamphetamine: (1, 3, 5 mg/kg). The control group received saline and experimental groups received methamphetamine for 10 days (intraperitoneally) and they were allowed to mature. Then, the rats were dissected. Testicularb tissue was isolated and after weighing, they were prepared to be placed in formalin. The results were analyzed by ANOVA and Duncan's test.
Results: Spaces created in the seminiferous tubules showed spermatogenesis disorder. The mean number of cells (spermatogonia, spermatocyte, spermatid, sperm) in the experimental groups decreased significantly than the control group (p<0/001), this reduction was dose dependent. The average weight of the testes to the body weight in the experimental groups showed no significant difference than the control group.
Conclusion: Frequent consumption of methamphetamine, even in low doses through the influence on the pituitary -gonad and the various factors involved in spermatogenesis, can disrupt the sexual maturation, which may cause reduced fertility in males.
Sd Sadoughi , Z Hassanzadeh ,
Volume 25, Issue 1 (4-2017)
Abstract
Introduction: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine disorders and most important cause of anovulation. High levels of inflammatory cytokines cause deterioration of polycystic ovary syndrome. Glycyrrhizic acid is the most important saponins from licorice. Considering the hypoandrogenic and antioxidant properties of licorice, aim of this study was to determine the effect of glycyrrhizic acid on gonadotropins, estradiol, testosterone and inflammatory cytokines in polycystic ovarian syndrome rat model.
Methods: In this experimental study, 32 wistar female rats were divided into 4 equal groups of control (saline solution, 24 days, ip), PCOS control (saline solution, 24 days, ip) and two PCOS groups under treatment with glycyrrhizic (25 and 50 mg/kg, 24 days, ip). Polycystic ovarian syndrome was induced by single intramuscular injection of estradiol valerate (4 mg/kg). At the end of treatment period, serum levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, LH, FSH, estradiol and testosterone were measured using ELISA. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Post Hoc Tukey statistical tests (p<0.05).
Results: Compared to the PCOS control group, serum levels of LH, estradiol, testosterone, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 in treated groups with 25 and 50 mg/kg glycyrrhizic acid dose-dependent significantly decreased. Also, serum level of FSH dose-dependent significantly increased (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Glycyrrhizic Acid by decreases serum levels of inflammatory cytokines has favorable effect on improving hormonal parameters in rats with polycystic ovary syndrome.
Marzieh Karimi Arab , Nasrin Heidarieh , Fatemeh Jamalloo ,
Volume 25, Issue 5 (8-2017)
Abstract
Introduction: Learning and memory is characteristically human to survive; reducing sexual hormones in aging and the side effects of chemical drugs are factors that can cause memory and learning disruption. In this study the effect of hydroalchoholic extract sumac (Rhus coriaria L.) on expression passive avoidance learning in gonadectomized male rats was studied.
Methods: In this experimental study, 32 adult Wistar rats with a weight of 230±20 were put in four groups (8 rats per group), including: received healthy solvent extract Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), gonadectomized received of DMSO and doses of 25 and 50 mg/ kg extract sumac . Firstly, , rats injected intraperitoneally with ketamine (75 mg/kg) and xylazine (10 mg/kg) anesthesia, gonads removed after 15 days recovery period, extensive testing. Passive avoidance test by the Shuttle box device after treatment by the same conditions was performed for all groups. All treatment was performed intraperitoneally and a half hours before the test on the second day (check expression).The data were analyzed by the one-way ANOVA and Tukey test (P<0.05).
Results: Results showed that in the gonadectomized group received solvent extract (DMSO) (3/0 cc) a significant reduced was found in latency to enter the dark room compared to DMSO control groups (P <0.001). The groups The groups receiving the extract sumac(Rhus coriaria L.) at a doses of 50 and 25 mg / kg showed a significant increase in latency in the dark room compared with the group receiving the gonadectomy receiving DMSO(P<0.05).
Conclusion: Results show that the gonadectomy reduces the incidence of avoidance learning and In gonadectomized rats, hydroalcoholic extract of sumac increases the incidence of passive avoidance learning.
Sakineh Falahati, Farah Farokhi, Gholamreza Najafi, Ali Shalizar Jalali,
Volume 26, Issue 1 (4-2018)
Abstract
Introdution:. Increased plasma cholesterol causes hepatic damages through oxidative stress (OS) induction. There are many investigations about hawthorn effects on lipid reduction and atherosclerosis. The goal of current study was to determine the effects of hydro-alcoholic extract of Crataegus aronia fruit (HECA) and atorvastatin (AVS) on hypercholesterolemia-induced alterations in serum lipid profile and OS in hepatic tissue of female rats.
Methods: In this experimental study, 42 female rats were assigned into 7 groups including control, diet-induced hypercholesterolemia (DIH), DIH + HECA (200 mg/kg/day; Per Oral (PO)), DIH + HECA (400 mg/kg/day; PO), DIH + AVS (10 mg/kg/day; PO), HECA (200 mg/kg/day; PO) and AVS (10 mg/kg/day; PO). After 30 days, blood and hepatic tissue samples were collected for biochemical and histological analyses. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey's statistical tests using SPSS software.
Results: Hypercholesterolemia resulted in significant increases in levels of serum lipids, hepatic enzymes and malondialdehyde in hepatic tissue as well as reductions in total antioxidant capacity and catalase level in liver compared to control group. Moreover, DIH led to significant increases in diameters of hepatocytes and their nuclei along with inflammation and cellular necrosis in hepatic tissue. Administration of HECA and AVS significantly restored above-mentioned parameters compared to DIH group.
Conclusion: These findings suggest that HECA can play a protective role against hepatic damages in hypercholesterolemic female rats According to the results of this study, the prevalence of obesity is not high in female students (3 %), but it is necessary to pay particular attention to information on obesity and girls' sports in universities, so that the prevalence of this disease is not increased
Marziyeh Feyzi, Mohammad Reza Tabandeh, Mehrdad Shariati, Mohammad Amin Edalatmanesh,
Volume 27, Issue 7 (12-2019)
Abstract
Introduction: Adiponectin is one of the most important adipose derived hormone that conflicting data are available about serum changes of adiponectin at different ages.The present study was done to determine the age related changes in serum adiponectin and its association with insulin resistance (IR) indices in aging in male rats.
Methods: In this study, serum samples were obtained from male rats at different ages, including 2, 5, 10, 18, 52 and 72 weeks age (n=10 in each age group). Oral glucose tolerance and glucose stimulated insulin secretion tests were measured using determination of glucose concentrations at 15, 30, 45 and 60 min after oral ingestion of glucose (1 mg/kg body weight) for each animal. Serum adiponectin and insulin levels were determined using species specific ELISA kits. HOMA-IR was calculated based on glucose and insulin concentrations. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 16 software (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL) also using one way analysis of variance and LSD posthoc tests.
Results: Our results showed an age dependent decrease in serum adiponectin concentration, and 72-week old rats had the lowest level of adiponectin compared with those in other ages (p<0.05). IR indices, including fasting glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR and response to oral glucose ingestion was increased in an age dependent manner and 72-week old rats showed the highest levels of the IR indices.
Conclusion: Regarding the role of adiponectin in glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitization, it seems that reduction of serum adiponectin with age progression may be an important mechanism of insulin resistance in aging.
Alireza Safarnezhad, Maghsoud Peeri, Mohammad Ali Azarbayjani, Maryam Delfan,
Volume 28, Issue 7 (10-2020)
Abstract
Introduction: Regular exercise training with alternating volume fluctuatesblood glucous levels and by regulating signaling in gene expression reduces in myocardial cell apoptosis in diabetic patients. The purpose of this study was the effect of 8 weeks of high intensity interval training on the gene expression of BAX and BCL-2 in the left ventricle of diabetic rats.
Methods: The present study was a quasi-experimental one. 14 male diabetic rats were divided into 2 groups of 7; high intensity interval training (HIIT) and control (C) groups. Diabetes was induced in a pellet with a high-fat diet (30% fat and 25% fructose) for 16 weeks. Twenty-four hours after the last training and recovery session, the rats were sacrificed and their left ventricle was extracted. Glucose oxidase was used to measure glucose in plasma and insulin resistance using HOMA-IR method.. PCR-Real time was used to determine the expression of BAX and BCL-2 genes and the comparison of the groups by Independent T test was performed by Graph pad prism at alpha level of 0/05.
Results: Results showed that, BAX gene expression was significantly decreased in the HIIT group compared to the C group (P=0/0001). BCL-2 gene was significantly increased in the HIIT group compare to the control group (P=0/0001). Insulin resistance index and plasma glucose showed a significant decrease in the training group (P=0/01) (P=0/021). Weight did not change significantly in any of the groups.
Conclusion: Based on the findings, 8 weeks high intensity interval training can be reduced apoptosis in the left ventricle of Diabetic mice by decreasing the BAX gene expression and increacing the BCL-2 in myocardial and might improve diabetes cardiomyopathy.
Zahra Barati, Ali Yaghoubi, Mohamad Reza Jalilvand,
Volume 29, Issue 9 (12-2021)
Abstract
Introduction: Amyloid plaques in the brain increase with age. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the effect of continuous and interval training on Amyloid β 42 (Aβ42) and Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in hippocampus of elderly rats.
Methods: The present study was experimental one with two experimental groups and one control group. Thirty old male Wistar rats (18 weeks-old) divided into 3 groups, including interval training, continuous training, and control. Continuous training was performed for 8 weeks with 65 to 70% VO2max and interval training was performed for 8 weeks with 5-8 repetitions of 2 minutes of working with 80-100% VO2max and 2 minutes active rest with 50% of VO2max for 8 weeks. Hippocampal samples were extracted 48 hours after the last training session to measure protein levels of Aβ42 and MDA. One-way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc test was used for data analysis.
Results: Hippocampus Aβ42 levels in continuous training groups were significantly lower than the control group (P=0.001). In addition, Aβ42 levels in hippocampus of interval training groups were significantly lower than the control group (P=0.001). However, no significant differences were found in Aβ42 levels between continuous and interval training groups (p=0.502). MDA levels in continuous training groups were significantly lower than the control group (P=0.016). In addition, MDA levels in interval training groups were significantly lower than the control group (P=0.046) But no significant differences were found in hippocampal MDA protein levels between continuous and interval training groups (p=866).
Conclusion: Continuous and interval training through decreasing oxidative stress, decrease Aβ42 levels in the hippocampus of the elderly rat, thus probably continuous and interval training can prevent neurodegenerative disease caused by aging through modulating oxidative stress and Aβ42.
Behrooz Yahyaei, Faeze Gholipour, Leila Khojasteh, Mohammadbagher Gilak Hakimabadi, Fatemeh Bahoosh Feyzabadi, Fatemeh Dankoub, Melika Nasehi,
Volume 32, Issue 5 (8-2024)
Abstract
Introduction: Ketamine is a general anesthetic drug that acts by inhibiting the NMDA receptoran important component of excitatory neurotransmission. Existing of NMDA receptors all over the central nervous system and the special type of anesthesia induced by ketamine, called dissociative anesthesia has led to its use as an analgesic and also paved the way for abuse. Ketamine affects the cardiovascular system by increasing indices such as heart rate, blood pressure, and cardiac output.
Methods: For further evaluation of ketamine effects on heart tissue, we used 15 male and 15 female Wistar rats and divided them into 6 groups, including male and female control groups (MC and FC), male and female short-term exposure (MS and FS), and male and female long-term exposure (ML and FL) to ketamine. Each group included 5 Wistar rats. The ML and FL groups received 75mg of ketamine once a week for 4 weeks in the posterior muscle of the thigh and the MS and FS groups received 25mg of ketamine 3 times a week for 4 weeks at the same site.
Results: After preparation of histopathological slides, it was observed that only in the group of female mice receiving long-term ketamine, empty spaces and intercellular distances increased, and in the group of male mice receiving long-term ketamine, in addition to the increase of intercellular spaces, tissue accumulations were also observed in the heart tissue.
Conclusion: This study showed that long-term ketamine injection in both sexes can cause some qualitative changes in heart tissue. Expanding the duration of long-term exposure to ketamine and more studies based on sexes can lead to more findings.
Ameneh Pourrahim Ghouroghchi, Aydin Valizadeh Orange,
Volume 32, Issue 12 (3-2025)
Abstract
Introduction: Liver X Receptor is a crucial gene in liver responsible for maintaining glucose and cholesterol homeostasis. Diabetes leads to disruption in LXR and total cholesterol disorder. The aim was to determine the effect of eight weeks of combined training (resistance-endurance) along with taurine supplementation on the expression of LXR receptors and serum total cholesterol in male Wistar rats.
Methods: The participants in this experimental study consisted of 50 male Wistar rats, each 6 weeks old, weighing between of 200-220 grams. To induce diabetes of 40 rats, at the end of the eighth week, the amount of 55 mg of streptozocin (STZ) per rat’s body weight was injected intraperitoneally, and the rats were randomly divided into four groups: combined exercise (n=10), taurine (n = 10), combined training and taurine (n = 10) and control (n = 10). Ten healthy rats were considered as healthy controls. The combined training group completed resistance training, which included climbing the ladder 15 times, along with endurance workouts on the treadmill at an intensity of 75% Vo2max for eight weeks, 5 times each week. The taurine group received 1% taurine supplement solution in drinking water daily. Exercise and taurine interventions were applied in the combined exercise-taurine group. Two-way ANOVA along with the LSD post hoc test was employed to compare intergroup and intragroup.
Results: After eight weeks, LXR levels decreased significantly in the supplement group (P=0.0001) and the exercise + supplementation group (P=0.0001) when compared to the control group. LXR showed a notable reduction in the exercise + supplement (P=0.0001) and supplement (P=0.011) groups when compared to the exercise group. Cholesterol levels decreased significantly in the exercise + supplement group (P=0.027) when compared to the control group. Body weight and BMI significantly were lower in the exercise, supplement and exercise + supplement groups in comparison to the control group. Although it was significantly higher in the exercise group when compared to the supplement and exercise + supplement groups (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Eight weeks of combined (resistance-endurance) training and taurine consumption decreased LXR, body weight, BMI and total cholesterol in diabetic rats.
