Showing 7 results for Incidence
Mr Manaviat, M Afkhami-Ardakani, M Rashidi,
Volume 14, Issue 3 (10-2006)
Abstract
Introduction: It seems that improvement in care and new treatment and screening methods along with better control of diabetes mellitus (DM) has led to a change in incidence of diabetic complications, especially diabetic retinopathy .This study was performed to assess the 4 years incidence rate of diabetic retinopathy in patients with type II diabetes and factors affecting its progression.
Methods: In this prospective study on diabetic patients referring to Yazd diabetes center, 120 type II diabetic patients without diabetic retinopathy were selected. After complete ophthalmic examination, fasting blood sugar (FBS), post prandial blood sugar, triglyceride and cholesterol levels were measured, and height, weight and blood pressure (BP) were recorded. Then the patients were followed with yearly eye examinations for 4 years.
Results: Four year cumulative incidence of diabetic retinopathy was 47.5% (95%CI: 38.6 – 56.4). The retinopathy was mild, non proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) in 43 (35.8%) where as 10(8.3%) patients had moderate NPDR and 3(2.5%) patients had severe NPDR. Only one patient had proliferative diabetic retinopathy. The incidence of diabetic retinopathy was 5.8% in first year, 20.3% in second year, 24.4%in third year and 7.4% in fourth year. Duration of diabetes, FBS and systolic BP had a statistically significant relationship with grades of diabetic retinopathy, but there was no significant association between age, sex, Body mass index (BMI) , triglyceride and cholesterol levels, method of treatment, smoking and diastolic BP with grades of diabetic retinopathy.
Conclusion: Duration of diabetes, blood glucose levels and systolic blood pressure are main risk factors of diabetic retinopathy.
A Hashemi, A Besharati, Sh Taghipour, A Bahrami,
Volume 14, Issue 4 (1-2007)
Abstract
Introduction: According to the results of studies from different parts of the world, malignancies in children are rare. Despite this fact, malignant neoplasms remain the second leading cause of death in children after accidents.
ALL, CNS tumors and lymphomas are the most common malignancies in children. They account for approximately more than 50% of malignancies and occur more frequently in boys than girls. There are 2 peak incidences early childhood and adolescence in the < 19 years old age group. The distribution of malignant diseases in the pediatric age group on the basis of age and sex has been evaluated in this study.
Methods: This descriptive – observational study was done by cross- sectional method from 1998 till 2003. We evaluated the frequency and distribution of malignant diseases in children younger than 10 years old according to age and sex in Yazd. The files of children whose malignancy was confirmed by the pathological reports were studied and data related to age, sex, type of malignancy and time of admission was entered in the questionnaires.
Results: Frequency and distribution of malignant diseases in male children < 10 years old is 60.4%which is more than females (39.6%). It is most frequent in children aged 6-7 years and least common in children<1 years of age. ALL has the highest frequency of distribution, while histiocytosis has the lowest. The other malignancies following ALL are as follows: Hodgkins lymphoma (8.5%), Neuroblastoma (8.5%) soft tissue sarcoma (7.5%) bone tumors (6.6%), Wilm’s tumor (6.6%), Germ cell tumors (3.8%), AML (2.8%), Retinoblastoma (1.9%), malignant neoplasms of the liver (1.9%) and Histiocytosis (0.9%).
Conclusion: The frequency and distribution of malignant diseases in the pediatric age group is more common in males than in females which is the same as other studies. The frequency and distribution of malignant diseases is the most in children aged 6-7 years that is different from other studies. ALL is the most prevalent malignant disease in the pediatrics age group followed by Hodgkins lymphoma and CNS tumors.
M Mohammadi, M Mirzaei, A Ahmadi,
Volume 23, Issue 4 (7-2015)
Abstract
Introduction: Skin cancer is regarded as the most common cancer in Iran. Thus, this study aimed to compare the cancer epidemiology in Yazd and Kurdistan provinces with different development conditions, through which the ground for further studies as well as appropriate interventions are provided.
Methods: This was a descriptive epidemiological study which the study population consisted of patients suffering from skin cancer ( different types) in the province of Kurdistan and Yazd in 2012. The study data were gleaned utilizing the information recorded in the Register of Skin Cancer Health Center in Kurdistan and Yazd. In the current study, the province of Kurdistan was considered as a disadvantaged and Yazd province as a developed one.
Results: The mean age of Kurdistan patients was 64.4±12.5 and the mean age of Yazd patients was 61.5± 15. Age-adjusted prevalence of skin cancer in Kurdistan and Yazd was reported respectively 7.07 and 7.60 per 100,000. Age-adjusted incidence was observed as 3.66 and 5.02 per 100,000 respectively in Yazd and Kurdistan in the second half of 2012.
Conclusions: The study results revealed that the cancer prevalence was higher in Yazd province, which could be due such factors as continuous contact with sunlight and pollution caused by industries of Yazd Province. It is recommended to take the development of health promotion activities in to account simultaneously with the urban development.
S Daliri , J Bazyar , K Sayehmiri , A Delpisheh , F Sayehmiri ,
Volume 24, Issue 9 (12-2016)
Abstract
Introduction: Suicide is one of the social and health challenges, which has influenced on the individual, family, and society. Statistics reveal that suicide rates have increased in the country. The present research carried out to determine the incidence of suicide in Iran through meta-analysis and systematic review.
Methods: This is a systematic review and meta-analysis study on suicide incidence and trend in Iran by reviewing published papers within 2001-2014. To do this, databases including Medlib, Google Scholar, Pubmed, ISI, Science direct, SID, Medline, Magiran, and Irandoc were searched and two trained researchers independently extracted the articles through keywords and combinations. The results were integrated through using weighted average and Poisson distribution.
Results: In the preliminary searching, 30 papers of 132 were qualified for study. The rate of suicide was estimated 8 out of one hundred thousand in Iran (1/9 – 6/8: 95% confidence interval), which was 11.1 (8/6-13 / 8: 95% confidence interval) and 7.4 (5/3 – 9/5: 95% confidence interval) in males and females, respectively. The results showed that the trend of suicide was descending in the last decade.
Conclusion: Incidence of suicide has decreased in Iran during last years; however, the incidence was relatively high in western provinces. As well as The incidence of suicide leading to death among men far more than women.
Mojgan Minoo Sepehr, Farideh Fouladvand, Mohsen Mirzaei,
Volume 27, Issue 8 (12-2019)
Abstract
Introduction: Tuberculosis is one of the most important public health problems, especially in developing countries. The global burden of tuberculosis ranks in the 10th Stopping the tuberculosis epidemic in 2030 is one of the goals of sustainable development. The aim of this study was to determine the epidemiology of the disease, changes in the incidence of tuberculosis and its effective factors over a decade in Yazd Province.
Methods: In this descriptive study, data from the TBC system that was collected in the county were used. The data of the patients identified during the years 2005-2014 based on patients' care records in the province of Yazd were extracted by census and analyzed using SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL; version 16 software. The population base for calculating the incidence, population census and housing data and for the years between them has been based on the Center's statistics estimate
Results: The total number of tuberculosis cases identified in the study period was 1398 ones. The mean of the incidence of tuberculosis during the years 2005-2014 in Yazd Province was 13/5 per 100,000 people. The incidence of disease in women 14/3 per hundred thousand) was significantly higher than the male / 14/1 per hundred thousand). The difference between the incidence of TB in urban and rural areas was statistically significant (13/5 versus 18/3 per hundred thousand). Patients with positive sputum pulmonary tuberculosis had a successful treatment of 78.5 %. The success rate of treatment in women (90/7%) was significantly higher than males) 79/5%) and in urban populations (85/1%) compared with rural populations (84/2%).
Conclusion: Regarding the lower success rate of treatment in Yazd Province, the country's average, as well as the target's goal, is to strengthen the disease-care system in non-Iranians, to further monitor the implementation of the DOTS strategy and to have effective communication with private sector physicians for compliance with the National Counter-Terrorism Protocol with tuberculosis, an effective step in controlling the disease and eventually removing it until 2050 AD.
Mozaffar Hosseininezhad, Sajjad Saadat, Houra Bakhshipour, Paria Nasiri,
Volume 29, Issue 1 (3-2021)
Abstract
Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and incidence of multiple sclerosis (MS) in Guilan Province) and to compare the standardized prevalence by the factor of age in this province.
Methods: The study was a cross-sectional design that was conducted in 2018 at the Guilan MS Society (GMSS) on people with multiple sclerosis and examined the 654 people with multiple sclerosis case. In this study, the trend of MS disease was examined from 2009 to 2019 and in order to investigate the rate of cumulative incidence of the disease, new cases were defined based on the date of diagnosis of the disease from the beginning of 2018. Data collection was performed using a checklist that was collected during the GMSS registration by a registrar in the form of a structured interview. Prevalence rate was compared between different subgroups using Chi-Square and Fisher's exact tests. Field characteristics were described by using absolute and relative frequency indices or mean and standard deviation using Stata 13 and SPSS 19 statistical software.
Results: The results showed that 71.4% of all patients were female. The mean age of the patients was 36.5 years and the highest frequency of MS was observed in the age group of 30-40. The MS patients lived in the urban were 81%. The highest initial manifestations of people with multiple sclerosis were reported in numbness or tingling, vision problems, weakness, other symptoms, and walking (Gait) difficulties, respectively. The highest prevalence of MS was in Lahijan and then Rasht and Astaneh-ye Ashrafiyeh citie.
Conclusion: From the results of this study, it is concluded that there is no significant difference between the prevalence rate in Guilan Province and the standardized rate with the age adjustment based on the WHO standard population, although no analytical comparison has been performed in this study.
Sadra Amirpour Haradasht, Solmaz Akbari, Mehrfam Khoshkhounejad, Hoori Aslroosta,
Volume 31, Issue 1 (4-2023)
Abstract
Introduction: This prospective analytical study was conducted with the aim of determining the prevalence, severity and factors affecting the short-term complications of implant surgery.
Methods: In a descriptive cross sectional study, patients referring to the implant department of Tehran University of Medical Science from 2020 to 2021 were included (292 implants in 152 patients). Patients underwent Simple implant placement without hard and/or soft tissue grafts were included. After 7 and 14 days, ecchymosis, bleeding, swelling, delayed wound healing, infection, and trismus were recorded. Pain, the most common outcome after surgeries was assessed based on the number of days the patient had pain, the number of analgesics used and the severity of pain (Numeric pain intensity scale) using SPSS software version 16. The relationship between complications and measured variables was examined by logestic regression analyses.
Results: The most common complications on the 7th day follow up were ecchymosis (3.9%) and delayed wound healing (3.9%). The mean pain score was 1.61 ± 1.32. No patient had pain more than 3 days after surgery. The mean number of analgesic used was 2.23 ± 1.82. Based on logistic regression analyses, only patient age and the number of days of analgesics use showed a significant relationship with the number of analgesics used (P˂0.001). Neither the level of expertise of the surgeon nor the patients' gender had nosignificant effect on the degree of complications pain and amount of patient pain and the consumption of analgesics (P˃0.05). Patients with poor oral hygiene used more analgesics in comparison to patients with favorable oral hygiene.
Conclusion: The overall prevalence of post-operative complications after simple implant surgeries was less than 4%. The older the patient, the higher the consumption of analgesics.
