Showing 52 results for Health
H Allahverdipour, Ar Hidarnia, A Kazemnejad, F Shafii, P Azad Fallah, E Mirzaee, K Witte,
Volume 13, Issue 1 (4-2005)
Abstract
Introduction: An effective preventive health education program on drug abuse can be delivered by applying behavior change theories in a complementary fashion.
Methods: The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of integrating self-control into Extended Parallel Process Model in drug substance abuse behaviors. A sample of 189 governmental high school students participated in this survey. Information was collected individually by completing researcher designed questionnaire and a urinary rapid immuno-chromatography test for opium and marijuana.
Results: The results of the study show that 6.9% of students used drugs (especially opium and marijuana) and also peer pressure was determinant factor for using drugs. Moreover the EPPM theoretical variables of perceived severity and perceived self-efficacy with self-control are predictive factors to behavior intention against substance abuse. In this manner, self-control had a significant effect on protective motivation and perceived efficacy. Low self- control was a predictive factor of drug abuse and low self-control students had drug abuse experience.
Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that an integration of self-control into EPPM can be effective in expressing and designing primary preventive programs against drug abuse, and assessing abused behavior and deviance behaviors among adolescent population, especially risk seekers
Ma Morowati -Sharifabad, N Rouhani Tonekaboni , Mh Baghianimoghadam,
Volume 15, Issue 3 (12-2007)
Abstract
Introduction: Diabetes is the most common disease related to metabolism disorders with long term complications. It needs lifelong specific self-care, as it causes a promotion in quality of life and decreases disease costs. The Health Belief Model (HBM) is a psychological model that attempts to explain and predict health behaviors. This is done by focusing on the attitudes and beliefs of individuals. The model has been used for studying diabetes self care behaviors. The aim of this study was determination of predictors of self-care behaviors among diabetes patients referred to Yazd diabetes research centre based on extended health belief model.
Methods: This cross-sectional study carried out on 120 diabetic patients referred to Yazd diabetes research centre who were entered in the study by convenience sampling. A questionnaire was used for data collection with a private interview which included questions regarding extended health belief model constructs including perceived benefits, barriers, severity, sensitivity, threat, self-efficacy, social support, metabolic control and locus of control and some demographic variables.
Results: There was a positive significant correlation between model variable of perceived benefits, severity, sensitivity, threat, self-efficacy, social support, metabolic control and internal locus of control with self-care behaviors, and also a negative significant correlation between perceived barriers (P=0.001),chance locus of control (P=0.037) and self-care behaviors. The above variables explained 45.3 % of variance in diabetes self-care behaviors, with self-efficacy as the strongest predictor.
Conclusion: The results of this study approved the effectiveness of extended health belief model in predicting self-care behaviors among diabetic patients, which can therefore be used as a framework for designing and implementing educational intervention programs for control of diabetes.
Ma Motlagh, Mr Rahbar, Mj Kabir,
Volume 16, Issue 3 (10-2008)
Abstract
Decentralization is the process of dispersing decision-making closer to the point of peripheral area, service or action. Basically decentralized governance, if properly planned and implemented, offers important opportunities for enhanced human development. The studies about this issue in different countries show that most of the decentralizations have been implemented in European countries and in comparison, the Middle East countries have been utilized lower degrees of the decentralization process.
In fact, decentralization in the health system is a policy pursued for a variety of purposes including increase in service delivery effectiveness and equity, improving efficiency and quality, fairness of financial contribution and planning for choosing the most appropriate interventions for the health priorities in peripheral regions. To implement decentralized governance, there is a spectrum of different choices that the government should regulate their degrees. Providing an appropriate atmosphere for decentralization is essential, otherwise lack of planning and achievement can result in complications for the system.
S Mazloomy, A Mirzaei, M Afkhami Ardakani , M Baghiani Moghadam , H Fallahzadeh,
Volume 18, Issue 1 (4-2010)
Abstract
Background: Diabetes mellitus is an important health problem that leads to severe complications, is the cause of early death, and is showing an increase in frequency. Development of positive health behaviors is extremely important for prevention of diabetes in at high- risk individuals. This study aims to identify the relationship between health beliefs and diabetes preventive behaviors in individuals at high-risk for developing type2 diabetes mellitus in Taft city.
Methods: A study using the Health Belief Model (HBM) framework was undertaken with 114 subjects of both genders aged 30 years and above from three urban health centers who were diagnosed as at high risk for type2 diabetes during the screening program. Research tool was a 66-item questionnaire. Data was analyzed with descriptive statistics, Spearman correlation and Mann–Whitney U-test.
Results: Of the total, 29.8% of subjects were male and 70.2% were female. Regarding education, 68.4% of the subjects had not completed high school and 89.4% of them was married. Mean score of knowledge and preventive behaviors was 5.80 ±2.87 and5.41 ±2.83, respectively such that subjects scored 30.05% of maximum obtainable score of preventive behaviors. There were significant correlations between preventive behaviors and perceived susceptibility, r=0.243(P<0.009), perceived severity, r=0.312(P<0.001), perceived barrier, r=0.245 (P<0.006) and perceived self-efficacy, r=0.497 (P<0.001).
Conclusion: Preventive behaviors among the subjects at high- risk for developing type 2 diabetes despite the presence of risk factors was poor due to lack of susceptibility, severity, barriers and self-efficacy perception.
M Mardani Hamule, A Shahraki Vahed,
Volume 18, Issue 2 (5-2010)
Abstract
Introduction: Cancer is a disease that is determined by unnatural deformation and differentiation of cells.Cancer patients face psychosocial and physical problems that may have an impact on the patient's quality of life .The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between mental health and quality of life in cancer patients.
Methods: This study was a correlational research. In this study, 90patients referred to Shefa hospital in Ahvaz were selected through convenient sampling in 2008 .Data was collected by General Health Questionnaire and short form quality of life questionnaire (Sf-36) and analyzed using Spearman's correlation ,t-test and ANOVAs test .
Results: The results showed that most domains in quality of life were correlated with mental health domains .General health perception and physical function domains were correlated significantly with 3 domains of mental health anxiety, social function and depression. Somatoform symptoms were correlated significantly with mental health domain of quality of life (P<0.02). Finally, social function was correlated significantly with social dysfunction domain of life quality (P<0.05). Also, anxiety and somatoform domains of mental health had a more significant relationship in women than men (P=0.006 and P=0.025). From the quality of life domain, physical function had a more significant relationship in men than women (P=0.03), while bodily pain had a more significant relationship in women than men (P=0.001).
Conclusion: According to the findings, many quality of life domains were correlated with mental health domains and cancer had an effect on various aspects of patient's life.
Kh Dehghani, A Zare, H Dehghani , H Sedghi, Z Poormovahed,
Volume 18, Issue 3 (8-2010)
Abstract
Introduction: Addiction and drug abuse in one of the most important health, social and political problems in the world, especially in developing countries. Nowadays this problem has higher prevalence in young people, and so students of the universities are at risk. The aim of this study was to identify drug abuse prevalence and risk factors in students of Shaheed Sadoughi Medical University, Iran, Yazd
Methods: This was a descriptive cross sectional study and 534 students were selected through random sampling from different medical sciences colleges. The data was collected by self-designed questionnaire and interview, and then analyzed using SPSS software and chi-square test.
Results: Data showed the prevalence of drug abuse in students to be 21.5%, frequency of drug abuse was as follows: Hookah 15.9%, cigarette 24.13%, opium 2.8%. The major risk factors were amusement 47.4% and unemployment 42.98%. It was higher in single males who lived in university dormitories.
Conclusion: According to the study results, it is recommended that families and university managers facilitate student's entertainment, marriage and occupation. The high prevalence of smoking hookah which is usually accompanied by use of other drugs should be considered in educational programs.
Ss Mazloomy, M Ehrampoush, F Servat, M Askarshahi,
Volume 18, Issue 3 (8-2010)
Abstract
Introduction: University is a position of formal training and learning and students in order to successful in this position should have effective learning. Motivation is key to effective learning. Additional to academic motivation can have the role of prevention in high-risk health behaviors. We examined students motivation in Yazd and communication with academic motivation in high-risk health behavior study.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional study and the sample size was 720. Analysis of the data, collection tool and standard questionnaire construction was achieved.
Results: In this study, 32.4 percent of students enjoyed modest motivation condition. 23.3 percent were smokers and 5.6 percent seemed to have used illicit drugs, 40.6 percent of the students exercised regularly. The findings of this research proved that there is a significant correlation between smoking status, alcohol consumption, physical involvement, high risk sexual behavior, watching movies, non-moral condition of the safety belt and academic motivation (P<0.05) There was a significant correlation between the amount of study hours and academic motivation (P<0.05).
Conclusion: In order to promote academic motivation in students, both students and teachers should become more acquainted with workshop models and also, students leisure time activities should be analyzed and they should be attracted towards scientific and community organizations.
B Yazdanpanah, M Safari, M Yosefi, P Angha, M Habibian, K Zandi, H Aranpour,
Volume 18, Issue 3 (8-2010)
Abstract
Introduction: Overcoming social problems requires a participatory approach. This study was performed in order to determine the effect of community based educational prevention program of drug abuse in reduction of high risk behavior.
Methods: This study was a community based participatory research. According to planned approach to community health model, "the health companion group" was established with participation of public representatives of villages, researchers, and managers of health sectors. Need assessment and priority setting of health problems was done. Drug abuse was selected as the topmost priority of health problems. By interviewing 10 year olds and older members of households, the questionnaires were completed. By conducting workshops, distributing educational pamphlets and face to face training for six months, the educational program was carried out. After this period, the study population was interviewed again. Data was analyzed by SPSS software, X2, and T tests.
Results: The mean score of drug abuse related high risk behavior was 26.8 +/- 2.05 before educational program and 25.2 ±2.3 after the program. The mean score of psychological health was 26.2±5.8 before educational program and 26.4±5.7 after the program. The rate of negative drug abusing related behavior decreased and positive behavior increased after the educational program.
Conclusion: The community based participatory research with participation of the public can be a proper pattern to prevent drug abuse and related high risk behaviors and as a result reduce costs and complications of this problem.
H Hojjati, S Aloustani, G Akhondzadeh, B Heidari, H Sharif_nia,
Volume 18, Issue 3 (8-2010)
Abstract
Introduction: Because of the progressive nature of addiction in all aspects of life, it influences the health of society individuals and has bad effects on psychological, physical, social, emotional, spiritual and cognitive health. In order to investigate mental health and the quality of life of addicts referring to addiction centers in Golestan province, this research was done.
Methods: A total of 322 patients were selected from the addiction census centers of the province during 2009 and studied in a descriptive cross-sectional analysis. The data included a questionnaire about demographic characteristics and two questionnaires contained the mental health (MHC) and the quality of life (SF17) variables.
Results: Of the total, 52 percent reported their mental health to be somewhat favorable and 17 percent reported favorable. On the other hand, 53 percent reported somewhat favorable quality of life and 8 percent had a desirable quality of life. There was significant relationship between mental health and quality of life. Mental health was significantly related to sex and type of material consumption, while quality of life was significantly related to job and type of material consumed.
Conclusion: Many addicts can’t give up addiction and repeatedly refer to centers. But care team members can identify common characteristics, personality traits and support systems for promoting mental health and the quality of addict’s life which facilitate prevention, treatment and rehabilitation.
S Moallemi, M Raghibi, Z Salari Dargi,
Volume 18, Issue 3 (8-2010)
Abstract
Introduction: Substance abuse is a chronic phenomenon that affects mental and physical health and results in a lot of social, domestic and economic trauma.
Methods: The samples included 80 addicts and 80 healthy individuals. The addicts were selected randomly from private and state remedy and rehabilitation centers of Zahedan city. Healthy individuals were matched with addicts in respect to age and sex and also selected randomly. Then, participants were assessed with The Spiritual Intelligence Self‐Report Inventory-24(SISI) and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ). The data was analyzed with Pearson correlation coefficient and t test for independent groups.
Results: There were significant differences in SISI scores and GHQ scores. Addicts scored lower in two scales. There was a significant positive correlation between SISI scores and GHQ scores and subscales of GHQ (P< 0.01) in two groups. Substance abuse affects mental and physical health. Individuals with lesser spiritual intelligence levels are more prone to addiction and maybe with higher levels of spiritual intelligence, we can prevent individuals from addiction.
M Alagheband, Ar Aghayousefi, M Kamali, M Dehestani, F Haghiroalsadat , T Nazari , Mh Sheikha,
Volume 19, Issue 1 (4-2011)
Abstract
Introdution: Presence of mentally retarded children as a source of pressure can jeopardize the general health of parents, especially mothers. The range of effect depends on the recognitive evaluation and the individual. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of coping-therapy on mental health of mothers with genetically and non genetically mentally retarded children referring to Yazd clinical center.
Methods: This study was semi experimental and included 40 mothers with mentally retarded children studying in schools supported by the welfare organization of Yazd in 2009- 2010 and were selected by available sampling method. They were divided to two groups case and control. Before any therapy, all of the mothers answered a general health questionnaire(GHQ28). In the next step, coping-therapy was performed on the case group. In the end, all of the mothers answered the same questionnaire(GHQ28) and data were analyzed by covariance method and t test.
Results: The research indicated that coping-therapy has a positive effect on the mental health of mothers with genetically mentally retarded children. This effect is similar on mothers of children with non genetically mental retarded children. Coping-therapy decreases the somatic signs of depression in mothers and improves their sleeping and social efficacy. There was no association of age and educational level of mothers with coping-therapy.
Conclusion: Coping-therapy can improve the mental health of mothers of both genetically and non genetically mentally retarded children
M Niafar, A Bahrami, A Aliasgarzadeh, N Gholami,
Volume 19, Issue 2 (6-2011)
Abstract
Introduction: The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in the elderly women of Tabriz city the largest city in North West Iran.
Methods: By using the records of the local household registry, a sample of 1000 subjects aged between 60 and 89 years(mean 64.54±5.41) was drawn by simple random sampling. Thyroid function tests including TSH concentration were done in all subjects and free T4 concentration, free T3 concentration and anti-microsomal antibodies were measured in those with abnormal TSH levels.
Results: Seventy-three(7.3%) participants had high(>4.5mU/liter), and 54(5.4%) had low (<0.3 mU/liter) TSH levels. The overall prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in the population under study was 12.7%. The prevalence of overt and subclinical hypothyroidism in study subjects were 1.5% and 4.1%, respectively. Overt and subclinical hyperthyroidism was seen in 4.1% and 1.2%, respectively. High titers of anti-microsomal antibodies were found in 60.6% of those with high TSH levels.
Conclusion: The prevalence of abnormal biochemical thyroid function reported in the study is substantial and confirms previous reports in other populations. The prevalence of thyroid dysfunction is high in the elderly female population of Tabriz. The results provide useful baseline information for designing public health plans and tracking changes.
M Rigi Ladez , M Ghanbariha, Mr Badiee, Z Abdolazimi,
Volume 20, Issue 4 (10-2012)
Abstract
Introduction: In order to improve the oral health, systematic analysis of oral health condition and related factors should be conducted. This study aimed to evaluate dental caries and some related factors in 35-44 years old men & women in five urban areas of Sistan and Baluchestan in 2009-2010.
Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 550 people were chosen by random stratified clustering in five different urban areas of the province. All participants were examined and the DMFT index was determined. Demographic and social information and their oral health behaviors were registered in a questionnaire which was composed of 11 questions. The data were analyzed by SPSS (version 17) and descriptive statistic methods.
Results: Statistical analysis showed that average of DMFT was 10.05 ± 7.186. DMFT in females (11.43 ± 7.5) was more than males (8.68 ± 6.6) significantly (P< 0.001). A significant difference was found between ethnicity and DMFT (P< 0.05) while analysis did not reveal any difference between income, level of education, time and number of daily brushing. (P> 0.05)
Conclusion: Results of this study could be used by public health managers to plan and evaluate public health in the future. With an emphasis on improving high risk patients’ situation, appropriate interventions can be designed to achieve good results in the short and long term
H Mirfakhradini, F Mirfakhradini, M Sadr Bafghi ,
Volume 20, Issue 5 (1-2013)
Abstract
Introduction: This research aimed to investigate rate of iatric tourisms’ satisfaction about provided medical services for them and their fellow travelers in Yazd city. For this purpose, the quality level of services provided to the patients and their fellow travelers was investigated and some solutions have been suggested in order to enhance this level.
Methods: In this direction, a questionnaire was designed according to SERVQUAL model in 5 aspects consisting of 21 questions. Therefore, quality differences have been measured according to opinions of 114 foreign patients and their fellow travelers in the hospitals around the city. This is a descriptive- measurement research. In order to analyze the data available techniques in statistics were utilized and Fuzzy TOPSIS technique was used for prioritizing the solutions.
Results: The results revealed that services quality difference is significant in 3 aspects of responsibility, guarantee and agreement. In other words, there is a significant difference between patients’ perception and expectation with those of their fellow travelers regarding quality of provided services.
Conclusion: However, results of rating with Fuzzy TOPSIS indicated that the factors of proper equipments and proper quality of therapy are in the better situation comparing with other factors.
Aa Rahimianfar, Kh Frouzannia, H Dehghani, Z Khavari, Mt Sareban,
Volume 20, Issue 6 (3-2013)
Abstract
Introduction: Needle stick injury is known as a common adverse complication that health care staff are encountered with. This injury cause different pathogen to be transmitted through blood. So investigating the knowledge and practice of health care staff can be useful and beneficial.
Methods: In this descriptive study, the study data was collected via a questionnaire that consisted of demographic characteristics, knowledge and practice of staff about needle stick injury. Descriptive statistics, ANOVA, T test, Pearson coloration and Scheffe Test were used to analyze the data.
Results: Data analysis showed that mean of knowledge score of men and women were 5.70 and 5.75 respectively. There was also no significant difference in age , sex ,working experience and the mean of knowledge scores between the different groups (p = 0.412). In addition, results showed that there was no significant difference in the mean of knowledge scores among different ward staff (p<0.001).
Conclusion: The study findings indicate that educational plan should be provided regarding safe injection and preventing approaches.
M Afkhami Ardekani , H Zare, A Alipor, H Poursharifi, Kh Arab Sheibani ,
Volume 20, Issue 6 (3-2013)
Abstract
Introduction: Glycemic control in type 2 diabetic patients seems to be affected by personality as well as psychological factors. Therefore, this study intends to investigate the relationship between self efficacy, type D personality and health locus of control with control of blood sugar in patients with diabetes type 2.
Methods: All women with diabetes in Yazd Diabetes Research Centre were considered among which 80 were selected by random sampling. They completed Shirer’s self-efficacy scale questionnaire, type D personality questionnaire and Multiple health locus of control questionnaire. Then they were introduced to the lab for blood test. Data was analysed by SPSS software and stepwise regression method.
Results: The results of Pearson correlation coefficients showed that self efficacy (r = 0/83) and type D personality (r=0/55) and health locus of control with HbA1c correlated positively and significantly (p <0/05). Stepwise regression analysis showed that R2=0/73 In other words, 73% changes of the variable HbA1is determined by self-efficacy, type D personality and health locus of internal control variables
Conclusion: Impact of personality and psychological variables in diabetes glycemic control is important. So we can implement interventions to increase the efficacy of internal control sites and modify the features of type D personality in patients with diabetes and thus to improve glycemic control and adherence to treatment regimens in these patients.
Mh Salmani Nodoushan , M Abedi, M Vakilli,
Volume 21, Issue 1 (4-2013)
Abstract
Introduction: Selenium is an essential element for human health and it is toxic at high concentrations. Selenium is a constituent component of selenoproteins that have enzymatic and structural roles in human biochemistry. Selenium is a best antioxidant and catalyst for production of thyroid hormone. This element has the key role in the immune function prevention of AIDS progression and the deactivity of toxins. Furthermore, selenium is essential for sperm motility and can reduce abortions. Selenium deficiency was also associated with adverse mood states. The findings regarding cardiovascular disease risk related to selenium deficiency is unclear, though other conditions such as vascular inflammation, oxidative stress and selenium deficiency can cause this disease too. Moreover, consuming of 60 mg of selenium per day may be associated with reduction of cancer risk. In this study, a review of studies has been performed on the biochemical function of selenium toxicity, and its effects on human health. Furthermore, certain identified cancers associated with selenium have been discussed to absorb more attention to the status of this element and also as a guide for further studies. Selenium plays the dual character (useful and harmful) in human health, and then it is necessary to determine the concentration of this element in body fluids and tissues. An appropriate method for routine measurement of selenium in clinical laboratories is electro thermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS) with very low detection limit and good precision.
S Akbari, R Molla, M Namayandeh, S Ahmadi, Z Rostaeizadeh, Z Hameiil,
Volume 21, Issue 3 (8-2013)
Abstract
Introduction: Human studies have shown that patients with cardiovascular diseases have worse periodontal status. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the periodontal health in patients with coronary heart diseases who underwent angiography.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 135 patients with coronary artery disease participated who underwent angiography. Periodontal indices were assessed including bleeding on probing, plaque index, probing depth, furcation involvement, number of missing teeth and number of tooth with pathologic mobility. According to angiography results, the presence of coronary artery stenosis and its severity were recorded based on the number of involvement arteries. Data was analyzed by Mann-whitney test and N par test using spss software (version 16).
Results: According to results of angiography, there were 106 patients with CHD that among them, 65% were with periodontitis, 6.6% with health periodontium. Out of the remaining 29 patients (with normal result of angiography) 44.8% had gingivitis and 44.8% had periodontitis. Probing depth index was significantly different in patients with and without coronary artery stenosis (p<0.05) whereas there was no significant difference between patients with other periodontal indices (p>0.05).
Conclusion: Patients with coronary artery disease have worse periodontal status compared to individual with normal angiography.
Mh Delshad, Ar Hidarnia, Sh Niknami, F Amin Shokravi,
Volume 22, Issue 2 (6-2014)
Abstract
Introduction: When a new scale is designed, it is expected that by following the development processes, extensive information can be obtained regarding the scale assessment. The main aim of this study was to design a valid and reliable scale proportionate to the culture of the employees surveyed, in order to identify and measure the improvements of infection-control criterion for Hepatitis B virus.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, data collection instruments involved designing and assessing the reliability and validity. The study sample was of cluster type involving the health care workers of 19 health centers and 16 Health sites. For Questionnaire designing, first, a list of 50 questions was prepared. Moreover, to assess the validity, the internal consistency and reproducibility, the methods content validity ratio (CVR), content validity index (CVI), test-retest reliability and alpha Cronbach coefficient were utilized respectively.
Results: 5 items were rejected due to poor content validity. Content validity index was higher than 0.80. The alpha Cronbach coefficient for the total scale was 83% and for subcategories, it was between 0.81 to 0.86 . The factor weight extracted from exploratory factor analysis of the questionnaire, was 74% shared variance. As a result, the final questionnaire is reliable and repeatable (ICC= 0.896 and P <0.001)
Conclusion: According to the study findings, the improvement Questionnaire of infection-control criterion for Hepatitis B virus is proper and usable in the research activities.
F Asghari, A Sadeghi, F Mehraban, S Saadat,
Volume 23, Issue 4 (7-2015)
Abstract
Introduction: Heart diseases involve the first and most prevalent causes of morbidity as well as mortality in Iran, which can be affected by various factors. Hence, this study aimed to explore the comparison and relationships between social support and coping strategies in patients with myocardial infarction and in the control group in Rasht.
Methods: In this descriptive study, the study healthy population consisted of all males aged 40-90 living in Rasht, among which 125 males were selected via a cluster random sampling method in 2013. Moreover, the study patient population entailed all male patients suffering from myocardial infarction aged 40-90 living in Rasht who were hospitalized in Dr.Heshmat hospital of Rasht in the first five months of 2013. The patient samples were 125 men selected via purposeful sampling method. In order to glean the study data, Carver's coping strategies inventory and Phillips' perceived social support questionnaire were applied and the data were analyzed utilizing SPSS software (Version 18).
Results: The study results revealed that a significant correlation was observed between social support and problem-focused coping strategies in healthy subjects as well as in patients diagnosed with myocardial infarction. Furthermore, a significant difference was observed between healthy subjects and those suffering from myocardial infarction in regard with the overall score of perceived social support, emotion-focused coping strategies and problem-focused coping strategies.
Conclusion: The findings of the current study demonstrated the role of social support variables and stress coping strategies should be taken into account in order to prevent cardiovascular diseases.
