Journal of

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Introduction: Hyperlipidemia and diabetes are common risk factors for ischemic heart disease, which is the main cause of mortality in diabetic patients. Strict control of blood glucose and other risk factors in diabetics has led to prevention of complications. Garlic has received particular attention for control of blood glucose and decrease in blood lipid levels. At present, several studies have been carried out in order to prove advantages of garlic. Methods: In this study, effects of garsin (a derivative of garlic present in our country) on serum lipids and blood glucose levels in diabetes mellitus type 2 patients was observed. Forty-five type 2 diabetics who had hyperlipidemia were selected. These patients were kept on treatment with 3 tablets of Garsin / day for 4 weeks. Serum lipids and blood glucose levels were measured prior to and at the end of treatment. Results: Relationship between sex and response to treatment in this study was meaningful, such that Gsarsin led to decrease in LDL-C and increase in HDL in females. Conclusion: Therefore, Garsin can be used as an adjunct to treatment in diabetes type 2 patients with hyperlipidemia.

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Introduction: Hyperhomocysteinemia is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease in diabetic patients. The aim of this study was to determine plasma homocysteine levels in diabetics and compare with control persons and also evaluation of correlation between plasma homocysteine concentration and diabetic related variables. Methods: This study was done on 39 type II diabetic patients, 27 subjects with impaired glucose tolerance and 23 normal persons referring to Endocrine and Metabolism Research Center of Medical university of Isfahan. Physical characteristics were recorded. After an overnight fast, a blood sample was drawn for determination of FPG, HbA1c – homocysteine, Cr. Cholesterol – Triglyceride and HDL- Cholesterol. Mean plasma homocysteine levels in the groups were compared by one way ANOVA. The Correlation of different parameters was tested by Pearson’s correlation. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in the plasma homocysteine levels of all the groups.(P=0.71). Correlation between homocysteine levels and HbA1c was not significant (P=0.42) in diabetic patients. Conclusions: The findings suggest that diabetes does not influence plasma homocysteine levels. Also, there is no correlation between plasma homocysteine levels and HbA1c in diabetic patients

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Introduction: Several studies have evaluated the association of admission blood glucose levels and short and long term mortality after myocardial infarction and have had different results. The aim of this study was evaluation of association between admission blood glucose levels and in-hospital and one year mortality in non-diabetic patients with AMI. Methods: In this study, demographic, clinical and Para clinical data of 120 non-diabetic patients with AMI on admission was collected and analyzed. The patients were followed for one year. Blood glucose level ≥ 140 mg/dl was defined as hyperglycemia. Results: 78% of patients were men. The mean age and admission blood glucose level was 63+13 years and 146+76mg/dl, respectively. Death due to cardio vascular causes was seen in 20% of patients in hospital and 9.8% during the one year follow up. The mean admission blood glucose level in patients who died in hospital was significantly more than live patients and also had an influence on the in-hospital outcome. Every 100mg/dl increase in blood glucose level was associated with 11% increase in in-hospital mortality risk in non-diabetic patients. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that admission blood glucose level is a good marker for diagnosing patients with worse prognosis after AMI. We suggest that later studies should focus on optimal control of hyperglycemia with insulin in patients with AMI.

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Introduction: It seems that improvement in care and new treatment and screening methods along with better control of diabetes mellitus (DM) has led to a change in incidence of diabetic complications, especially diabetic retinopathy .This study was performed to assess the 4 years incidence rate of diabetic retinopathy in patients with type II diabetes and factors affecting its progression. Methods: In this prospective study on diabetic patients referring to Yazd diabetes center, 120 type II diabetic patients without diabetic retinopathy were selected. After complete ophthalmic examination, fasting blood sugar (FBS), post prandial blood sugar, triglyceride and cholesterol levels were measured, and height, weight and blood pressure (BP) were recorded. Then the patients were followed with yearly eye examinations for 4 years. Results: Four year cumulative incidence of diabetic retinopathy was 47.5% (95%CI: 38.6 – 56.4). The retinopathy was mild, non proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) in 43 (35.8%) where as 10(8.3%) patients had moderate NPDR and 3(2.5%) patients had severe NPDR. Only one patient had proliferative diabetic retinopathy. The incidence of diabetic retinopathy was 5.8% in first year, 20.3% in second year, 24.4%in third year and 7.4% in fourth year. Duration of diabetes, FBS and systolic BP had a statistically significant relationship with grades of diabetic retinopathy, but there was no significant association between age, sex, Body mass index (BMI) , triglyceride and cholesterol levels, method of treatment, smoking and diastolic BP with grades of diabetic retinopathy. Conclusion: Duration of diabetes, blood glucose levels and systolic blood pressure are main risk factors of diabetic retinopathy.

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Introduction: Unstable angina as a clinical condition includes a major group of patients manifested with acute coronary syndrome. Misdiagnosis of this clinical syndrome causes myocardial infarction (MI) and death. Conventional and advanced forms of treatment are used with the aim of rapid stabilization of unstable angina. Although infusion of glucose - insulin - potassium (GIK) solution has had good results in acute MI, no major trial has studied its effect in unstable angina. The main goal of this study was evaluation of the effectiveness of GIK solution on prognosis of hospitalized unstable angina patients. Methods: This randomized clinical trial included patients with class II and III unstable angina (two groups of 94 patients, each ) with a mean age of 62.47±13.20 years and Female /Male ratio of 1.35 admitted in the CCU’s of Yazd from September 2003 to May 2004 . Results: There was no significant difference between the study and control groups regarding mean age, sex ratio and unstable angina class (P=0.15, P=0.77 and P=0.76). The study group had significant reduction in recurrent chest pain and duration of hospitalization (P=0.001 and P=0.02). The most common adverse effect of GIK solution was pain at infusion site. Conclusion: Use of GIK solution causes early stabilization of unstable angina patients without any significant or life threatening adverse effect.

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Introduction: The effect of Tribulus terrestris (TT) on serum glucose and lipid levels was investigated in an experimental model of diabetes mellitus in rats. Methods: Female Wistar rats were divided into control, TT-treated control, diabetic, glibenclamide-treated, and TT-treated diabetic groups. For induction of diabetes, streptozotcin (STZ) was administered (60 mg/Kg). Meanwhile, TT-treated groups received TT mixed with standard pelleted food at a weight ratio of 6.25% for 6 weeks. Serum glucose and lipid levels were determined before the study and at the 3rd and 4th week after the study. Results: Serum glucose was significantly lower in TT-treated diabetic rats at 3rd and 6th weeks as compared to untreated diabetics (p<0.01 and p<0.005, respectively). In addition, serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, and LDL-cholesterol showed a significant reduction in TT-treated diabetic rats as compared to untreated diabetics (p<0.05). On the other hand, HDL-cholesterol level did not change significantly in TT-treated diabetic group as compared to untreated diabetic group. Conclusions: Oral administration of TT has a significant hypoglycemic effect and in long term leads to appropriate changes in serum LDL-cholesterol, total cholesterol, and triglyceride levels, but does not affect HDL-cholesterol levels in diabetic rats.

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Introduction: The hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of Allium ursinum(AU) were investigated in an experimental model of diabetes mellitus, invitro. Methods: Male Wistar rats were divided into control, AU-treated control, diabetic glibenclamide-treated, and AU-treated diabetic groups. For induction of diabetes, streptozocin(STZ) was intraperitoneally administered(60 mg/Kg). AU-treated groups received AU mixed with standard pelleted food at a weight ratio of 1% for 2 months. Serum glucose and lipids levels were determined before the study and at the 4th and 8th week after the study. Results: Serum glucose was significantly lower in AU-treated diabetic rats at the end of the 4th and 8th weeks(p<0.005 and p<0.01 respectively) as compared to untreated diabetics. Serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, and HDL-cholesterol levels did not show a significant change in AU-treated diabetic rats as compared to untreated diabetics. On the other hand, LDL-cholesterol levels decreased in AU-treated diabetic group as compared to untreated diabetic group(p<0.05). Conclusion: Oral administration of AU has a significant hypoglycemic effect and in long term leads to decreased levels of serum LDL-cholesterol in diabetic rats.

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Introduction: The cause of many metabolic diseases is a progressive increase in fasting insulin levels that is generally associated with inflammatory status. In such conditions, circulating resistin hormonal levels and CRP levels also increase. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of 2 months aerobic training on insulin resistance and inflammatory markers. Methods: In the study, 30 middle aged healthy men volunteered (Age=38.56±4.77, BMI=25.14±2.16) to participate and based on their body fat percentage were assigned in two equal groups. Experimental group was asked to perform 2 months of aerobic exercise, 4 sessions a week with 60-80% maximum heart rate, while the control group was sedentary during the same period. Blood samples were collected 48 hours before the first session and 48 hours after the last session under similar conditions. Results: Plasma insulin (p≤0.001) and glucose (p≤0.001) levels decreased and consequently insulin resistance index also decreased (p≤0.001) in the experimental group as compared to controls. Also, resistin concentrations increased (p≤0.001), while CRP concentrations decreased (p≤0.001), respectively in the experimental group. Conclusion: In general, it can be concluded that regular aerobic exercise due to improved insulin resistance and plasma levels of two inflammatory markers (CRP and the resistin) reduces risk factors of metabolic disease and atherosclerosis and can be used as an effective strategy to prevent such diseases.

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Introduction: Diabetes is one of the most prevalent metabolic diseases in the world. It affects 6.6% of world population and about 3 million individuals in Iran. Cumin (Cuminum Cyminum L) is a plant used in traditional Iranian medicine to cure obesity, and some recent studies have suggested that Cumin could have a role in diabetes treatment and reduction of lipid levels. In this study, we investigated the Cumin oil effects on serum glucose and lipid levels of rats. Methods: We divided 24 male rats of Wistar race into 6 hexadic groups the control group with normal regimen(group a), the Cumin oil group with normal regimen(group b), the control group with high fat regimen(group c), the Cumin oil group with high fat regimen(group d). The consumed dosages of Cumin oil were 400 µg/kg and 3mg/kg, respectively which was administered by Gavages (tube feeding). Samples from the hungry rats were taken during three various periods including the first day of the study, 20th day (the beginning of the medicine usage) and 55 th day (the end of the medicine usage) in order to measure their serum glucose and lipid levels. Results: The results of this study showed a significant decrease in glucose(p=0.007), cholesterol(p=0.001), triglyceride(p=0.002), LDL (p=0.004) levels and a significant increase in serum HDL levels(p=0.05). Conclusion: Cumin oil administered via Gavages can significantly affect the serum glucose and lipid levels.

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Introduction: Type 2 diabetes is a common disease in the world. Exercise has consistently been shown to improve glucose control. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of a single-session aerobic and resistance exercise on blood glucose in women with type 2 diabetes. Methods: Twenty four women with type 2 diabetes were voluntarily and randomly selected and divided into aerobic exercise, resistance exercise and control groups. Aerobic exercise(rhythmic exercise) was performed for 40 min at 60% HRmax and resistance exercise(weight lifting) for 40 min utilizing 60% of 1-RM. Blood samples were collected before and after exercise. Results: Results of paired sample t-test showed a single-session aerobic and resistance exercise significantly decreased blood glucose(p<0.05). ANOVA test found a significant difference in blood glucose among three groups(p<0.05). Conclusion: A single-session aerobic and resistance exercise could decrease blood glucose in women with type 2 diabetes. However, a single-session aerobic exercise is more effective than resistance exercise on decreasing blood glucose.

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Introduction: Nowadays there is an uprising trend toward new approaches in type 2 diabetes management. In this study the effect of ginger supplementation on blood glucose, lipid and lipoproteins was examined in diabetic patients. Methods: 81 patients with type 2 diabetes participated in this randomized clinical trial study within two-month interval. Patients were randomly divided into two groups: Placebo (PG) and supplemented (SG). SG group were supplemented with 3 capsules (1g ginger powder in each capsule) and PG group received 3 microcrystalline cellulose capsules each day. Fasting blood glucose(FBS), fructose-amine, HbA1c, total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-c, HDL-c and Apolipoproteins (Apo) A1 and B100 were measured before and eight weeks after intervention. Results: Mean of LDL-c in SG before and after supplementation were 112.52 ± 22.09 and 106.10±20.78mg/dl(P=0.03), respectively. Also the results showed significant difference in levels of Apo A1 in SG and PG in the beginning and end of trial(P‹0.005). However no significant differences between groups were observed. Moreover no significant disparities were observed in level of Apo B100, total cholesterol, triglycerides and HDL-c at the same period in studied groups. Mean FBS level after intervention in SG showed a 10.5% decrease(P=0.003), meanwhile a 21% increase in PG (P=0.01) was reported. Changes in mean HbA1c had a similar trend with mean FBS. Conclusion: This study indicates that ginger supplementation for type 2 diabetic patients would improve LDL-c, APO A1, fasting plasma glucose and HbA1c parameters

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Introduction: Cinnamon as an herbal medicine has the ability to reduce blood glucose and lipoproteins in diabetic patients. Based on the positive effects of exercise on diabetic patients, the present study was conducted to investigate the effect of Four weeks Period aerobic exercise alongside using cinnamon on lipoprotein parameters and blood glucose in women with type 2 diabetes. Methods: Thirty diabetic women were voluntarily selected and were randomly divided into three groups: 1) aerobic exercise group 2) aerobic exercise alongside using cinnamon and 3) control group. Aerobic exercise took four weeks with 60 percent of maximum heart rate. Blood samples were collected at the beginning and end of the study. Results: Blood glucose, the fat percentage and HDL, and the ratio of LDL to HDL in the first group significantly decreased and in the second group increased (P<0.05). Also the first group showed a significant reduction in triglyceride. The only significant change observed in the control group was a significant increase in the level of LDL. Comparing the first and second group, it was observed that in the second group the level of total cholesterol decreased and the ratio of LDL to HDL increased (P<0.05). Conclusion: Using cinnamon alongside aerobic exercise is likely to be beneficial in regulating the concentration of blood glucose and lipids in diabetic patients.

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Introduction: Diabetes Mellitus is a growing health problem in all over the world. Arctium Lappa has been used therapeutically in Europe, North America and Asia. Antioxidants and antidiabetic compounds have been found in the root of Arctium Lappa. This study intends to investigate the effects of Arctium Lappa root aqueous extract on glucose, insulin levels and Fasting Insulin Resistance Index in female rats with high sucrose diet. Methods: 40 female Wistar rats weighting 150-250(g) were applied. After having a diet induced by sucrose 50% in drinking water for 5 weeks, the animals were randomly divided into two groups of control, sucrose induced, and three groups of sucrose induced along with Arctium Lappa root aqueous extract (50,100,200 mg/Kg) (8 rats in each group). Treatment by extracts was used during 2 weeks (i.p.) and 24 hours after the last treatment, heart blood samples were gathered. After Blood samples were centrifuged, fasting plasma glucose (12 h) was determined by kit and fasting insulin concentration was assayed by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Elisa) methods. Result: Glucose levels, insulin and FIRI in sucrose group significantly increased in comparison with control group. Glucose levels in aqueous extract groups 50 mg/kg (116.14±16.64mg/dl) and 200 mg/kg (90.66±22.58 mg/dl) in comparison with sucrose group (140.5±18.73 mg/dl) significantly decreased. Insulin level and FIRI in all of aqueous extract groups were significantly decreased (P<0.001) in comparison with sucrose group. Conclusions: Arctium Lappa root aqueous extracts in animal model has revealed significant decrease in blood glucose and insulin levels.

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Introductoin: Increased level of serum IL-6 is related to development of type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance. The American Diabetes Association and the American College of Sports Medicine recommend that combination of resistance and aerobic exercise is favorable for patients with type 2 diabetes. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of 8 weeks of aerobic exercise and concurrent (aerobic-resistance) exercise on serum IL-6 Levels and insulin resistance in Type 2 Diabetic patients. Methods: In this study, from patients referring to Kermanshah Diabetes Association, 24 volunteers participated in the study as subjects and were divided into aerobic (n=8), concurrent (n=8), and control group (n=8) randomly. Training program for the aerobic group included 3 sessions of running per week with 60 to 80% maximal heart rate for 8 weeks but the concurrent group in addition to running, performed resistance training of major muscles groups. Before and after the intervention, body weight, BMI, fasting blood glucose, serum IL-6 and HOMA-IR were measured. Results: HOMA-IR and fasting blood glucose were significantly decreased in both training groups after intervention, but showed no significant changes in the control group. No significant changes were observed for serum IL-6 levels, body weight or BMI. Conclusion: performing 8 weeks of aerobic or concurrent training with improvement of insulin resistance and fasting blood glucose could be helpful for type 2 diabetic patients however, it cannot significantly affect serum IL-6 levels, body weight, or BMI in these patients.

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Introduction: Progressive natural history and complications of diabetes emphasize the need to adopt appropriate therapeutic strategies. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of yoga on body composition, blood glucose, HbA1c, Cutaneous fat percentage, and VO2max of type 2 diabetic patients. Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 30 men with mean age of 49/30±5/40 years in Yazd were purposefully selected via a convenience sampling and divided into two groups of experimental and control(15 each). Experimental group began the yoga exercises for 12 weeks and 3 sessions per week for 60 minutes, whereas the control group did not receive any regular physical activity. In this study, several variables were measured before and after 12 weeks in both groups including fasting blood sugar (fbs), 2 hour glucose (IIh.pp), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), aerobic power (VO2max) and Cutaneous fat percentage. In order to measure fbs, IIh.pp, HbA1c, 10 cc of fasting blood and 10 cc of blood 2 hours after breakfast were collected from the subjects in Yazd Diabetes Center. Racopurt test was used to measure VO2max and Lange caliper was applied to measure Cutaneous fat percentage. Moreover, in order to compare the changes between the two groups, mean differences were analyzed using T-test. Results: No significant difference was observed in levels of fbs, IIh.pp, HbA1c, VO2max and Cutaneous fat percentage in the experimental group compared with the control group (p< 0/05). Conclusion: Yoga exercises (for 12 weeks) can be effective on controlling the blood glucose in type 2 diabetic patients.

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Introduction: Mellitus Diabetes belongs to a group of metabolic diseases, which is caused due to the disturbance in insulin secretion,  destruction of beta cells, auto immune reasons, necrosis as well as insulin resistance. Stem cells therapy has recently been suggested as a treatment method of Diabetes. Since adipose tissue-derived stem cells  present wide availability, easy access, hight proliferation and less immunological rejection, the present study aimed to investigate their effect on the control of the blood glucose level.

Methods: In this experimental-interventional study, adipose tissue-derived stem cells, harvested from the liposuction surgery were purified and after being counted by neubuaer lam,  were evaluated via flow cytometry in order to identify and approve the existence of stem cells. Sixteen male wistar rats weighing about 250-300 gr, induced diabetes by streptozotocin (60 mg/kg), which were divided randomly into two groups of eight. Group 1 (Diabetes control) received the normal saline treatment, and group 2 (treatment) received 1.5x10⁶ adipose tissue-derived stem cells. In order to evaluate the improvement process, blood glucose level of rats was measured by glucometer every day for a period of 25 days after the tissues transaction.

Results: The results of flow cytometry indicated high percentages of CD29 and CD90 in mesenchymal adipose tissue-derived stem cells. The blood glucose level of diabetic rats revealed a significant reduction
(P < 0.001) in blood glucose level in the rats treated with derived adipose tissue-derived stem cells in comparison with the control group.

Conclusion: The findings of the present study revealed a signification decrease of blood glucose level after confirmation of stem cells isolated from the adipose tissue using cell surface antigens and its injection into diabetic rats (P <0.001) .

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Introduction: Impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) is one of the most common endocrine complications in major thalassemia patients. IGT prevalence in patients with thalassemia major has been differently in different studies in Iran, about which no total estimate can be proposed. Hence, this meta analysis study aimed to investigate IGT prevalence in major thalassemia patients in Iran.

Methods: This study was a systematic review based on electronic databases including Magiran, Iranmedex, SID, Medlib, IranDoc, Scopus, PubMed, Sciencedirect, Cochrane, Embase, Web of Science, Springer, Online Library Wiley as well as Google Scholar search engine without any time limitations up to 2015. All the potentially relevant papers were reviewed independently by two investigators using the standard key words. Then, all the reviewed studies that had inclusion criterion were evaluated. In order to statistically analyze the study data, random effect model was used via Stata software (Ver.11.1).

Results: 1346 subjects were examined in 13 studies. IGT prevalence in patients with thalassemia major was estimated 9.6 %( CI: 95%, 6.6-12.5) in Iran. The IGT prevalence in male and female major thalassemia patients were 6.5 %( CI: 95%, 1.6-11.3) and 10.2 %( CI: 95% , 6.1-14.3), respectively.

Conclusion: IGT Prevalence was demonstrated to be really high in patients with thalassemia major. As a result, implementing screening programs seems to be necessary in regard with early diagnosis of endocrine disorders especially IGT in these patients. Furthermore, it is recommended that annual glucose tolerance test be taken within such patients.

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Introduction: Diabetes is an abnormality in metabolism, which occurs because of hyperglycemia resulting from failure in insulin release, function, or both. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of combined atorvastatin and zinc on serum levels of glucose and insulin and morphology of pancreas in type 1 diabetic rats.
Methods: In this experimental study, 40 female Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups (n=8): normal control (NC), diabetic control (DC), diabetic rats treated with 20mg/kg atorvastatin (DA), 30mg/kg zinc oxide (DZ) and combination of each drug in half dose (DZA). Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of 60 mg/kg streptozotocin. One week after streptozotocin injection, animals were treated with gastric gavage daily for one month. At the end of the treatment, rats sacrificed and fasting blood samples were collected from cervical vein and serum levels of glucose and insulin were measured with commercial kits by spectrophotometery and elisa, respectively. The pancreas of rats were removed and fixed and after tissue processing stained with H&E for light microscopic investigations. At the end, the data were analyzed statistically by SPSS software, ANOVA and Tukey tests.
Results: The results showed that zinc and atorvastatin  caused the decrease of blood sugar and increase of insulin, as well as the decrease of the complications of diabetes, such as damage to pancreatic tissue, and reducing the number and diameter of the pancreatic islets. The combined of zinc and atorvastatin followed the decreasing of the lower levels of diabetic complications,  caused the significant decreasing (p<0/05) of the blood sugar and increasing insulin.
Conclusion: It seems that a combination of atorvastatin and zinc has synergistic benefits to control of the glucose levels and insulin as well as improving pancreatic islets

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Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a common condition that is recommended for the treatment and control of various therapies, such as the use of natural drugs and inactivity reduction.It has been reported exercise and herbs can possess synergistic effects to control diabetes side-effects. The purpose of the present study was investigation of the effects of high-intensity interval training and taking curcumin supplement on Concentration of glucose and insulin resistance, in diabetic rats.

Methods: In a clinical trial Thirty-two male Wistar rats were randomly divided to four groups of curcumin, training, training- curcumin, and control. The subjects had being trained to perform high-intensity interval training on treadmill and in the fashion of increasing manner. Diabetes was induced via injection of 50 (ml/Kg rat weight) STZ. Fifty (ml/kg rat weight) curcumin had being nourished to the animals of the curcumin groups, by using the gavage technique, during a period of eight weeks (five days a week). The rats were anesthetized via intraperitoneal injection of ketamine, 24 hrs after the intervention. Then, The blood was taken from the heart of the rats to examine changes  glucose and insulin resistance.
Resultus: Concentration level of glucose and  insulin resistance of the three groups of curcumin, training-placebo, and training-curcumin decreseded significantly than correspondent levels of the control group(P≤0.05). Though, no significant difference was observed, between those three groups (P≤0.05).

Conclusion :The results of the present study have indicated that Despite the significant effect of training and curcumin Concentration  of glucose and  insulin resistance, but those two interventions  would not strengthen the influences of each other

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IntrodutionThe purpose of this study was investigating the effect of endurance training on protein expression of CGI-58, ATGL and serum levels of insulin and glucose in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
Methods: 24 male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to three groups of eight, including diabetic group with endurance exercise (D-E), diabetic (D) and healthy control groups (Con). After induction of diabetic rats by injection streptozotocin was administered intraperitoneal , endurance exercise was applied for eight weeks, three sessions pre week in diabetic rats. Exercise intensity was equal to a speed of 21-25 m / min. The relative expression of CGI-58 and ATGL protein was measured with western blot technique and serum insulin and glucose levels were measured with a specialized kit. One-way ANOVA test was performed using SPSS-20 software and at a significance level less than 5%.
Results: Results showed that ATGL and CGI-58 values were significantly different between the three groups (p <0.001). ATGL difference between the groups of diabetic group with endurance exercise with control (p = 0.001) and diabetic (p = 0.001)was significant. CGI-58 difference between the groups of diabetic group with endurance exercise with control (p = 0.001) and diabetic (p = 0.002) was significant. In addition, serum glucose and insulin levels decreased significantly after eight weeks of training (p <0.05).
Conclusion: It seems that CGI-58 play a vital role in activating lipolysis by ATGL and increasing in CGI-58 leads to an increase in ATGL and ultimately leads to increased levels of intramuscular triglyceride oxidation and improved insulin resistance.