Showing 19 results for Deficiency
Mr Shahbani, K Barkhordari, Mh Ahmadieh,
Volume 12, Issue 1 (4-2004)
Abstract
Introduction: It is a fact that iron deficiency anemia in infants leads to unpleasant effects on Growth , Cognition and Psyche for life . During the late seventies,relation of iron deficiency anaemia(I.D.A) and permanent complications was suggested , and later on, several studies proved that handicaps occur when iron deficiency (I.D) is severe enough to develope I.D.A
Method & Materials : In our study, we evaluated the prevalence of I.D.A and I.D in children aged between 6&60 months in Yazd . In this cross - sectional study, 449 cases were selected by clustering 239 boys and 210 girls. Hemoglobin( Hb) and ferritin was measured .5 cases were omitted from the study. Data was analyzed using SPSS computer software program.
Results : In our study, prevalence of Iron deficiency anemia was 3.8% and that of Iron deficiency was 8.6%. Prevalence of other anemias in the population under study was 8.4% . 79.2% of children in this group were not anemic and considered as normal . Iron deficiency was twice that of Iron deficiency anemia. (p value< 0.05 ).
Conclusion : The total prevalance of anemia in this study was 20.8% with Iron deficency anemia 3-4% and Iron deficiency 8.6% . The prevalence of iron deficiency and other forms of anemia in this study was less than many other parts of the world, except USA . Anemia in children aged 6-17 months was more than other age groups. Also, anemia in girls was more prevalent than boys .
Gr Asadi Karam, M Sajadi, M Sheykh Fatollahee, Ah Zangiabadi, L Naeimi, M Mahmoodi,
Volume 12, Issue 2 (7-2004)
Abstract
Introduction: Endemic goiter due to iodine deficiency is one of the health problems in the developing countries.
Material & Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 109 schoolboys and 92 schoolgirls, aged between 6 and 18 years in Rafsanjan city were selected randomly by proportionate-multistage cluster sampling method. All the students underwent clinical examination for presence of goiter according to criteria recommended by WHO, and urinary iodine excretion, T4, FTI and TSH were measured.
Results: The point Prevalence rate of goiter in boys and girls were 71.6% and 55.6%, respectively. Prevalence rates of Grade I and II were 51.3% and 12.9%, respectively. Urinary iodine excretion was normal in 68.1% (>10 μg/dl) mild in 30.6% (5-9.9 μg/dl) and moderate in 1.3% (2.1-4.9 μg/dl). Of 68.1% of schoolchildren with normal urinary iodine, 56.9% showed different grades of goiter. There was no relation between goiter stages and urinary iodine deficiency (P>0.05). T4, FTI and TSH in 96% of schoolchildren were normal. In 3%, TSH levels were more than the normal range (>3.5 μU/ml) and in 1%, T4 concentration was less than the normal range (<60 nmol/L). There was a meaningful statistical relationship between TSH concentration and goiter grades (P=0.044),. There were no significant relation between T4, FTI and different grades of goiter (P>0.05).
Conclusion: With respect to the fact that urinary iodine levels were normal in 68.1% of the students and thyroid parameters were normal in 94% of the subjects, the very high prevalence rate of goiter in the city of Rafsanjan seems to be due to certain unknown etiological factors which needs further studies
M Golestan, S Akhavan Karbasi, M Sadr-Bafghi , F Mirnaseri, Z Eslami, R Fallah, A Mosavi, Gh Maleki,
Volume 12, Issue 3 (10-2004)
Abstract
Introduction: Zinc deficiency is a health problem in many communities, especially among children because of growth spurt. Zinc deficiency can causegrowth limitation, delay in sexuel maturity, behavior disorders and abnormalities of immune system,susceptibility to respiratory and gasterointestinal infections and impairment of taste and smell perception.
Material and Method: One of the methods of assessment the zinc defeciency is “ Zinc taste test” using zinc sulfate solution 0.1% , this test performed used to assess the zinc deficiency among preshool childeren in Yazd. The results were evaluated with measurments of weight,height and demographic data. 400 preschool children were selected by multi stage random sampling.Having good taste perception of zinc sulfate 0.1% was used as impaired taste test ( zinc deficiency) and having bad taste perception as normal zinc level.
Results: Regarding to zinc taste test 73.9% of study group had zinc deficiency (77.6%femal, 69.7% male) There were no significant relation between zinc deficiency and measurment of weight and height,but there was higher prevalence of zinc deficiency in children who were below the 5th percentile in height and weight by age.
Conclusion: 70% of preschool children in yazd had zinc deficiency assessed by “ zinc taste test”,31% of adolecents in Tehran have had zinc deficiency based on plasma , erythrocyte and hairindex. There is no significant relation between zinc deficiency and antropometric and demographic data, in this study and the study that had been done on adolescents in Tehran.Considering the prevalnce of zinc deficiency with “ Zinc taste test” it seems more accurate studies need to be done like zinc measurment in WBC,RBC and Platelets and zinc taste test at the same time,if correlation coefficients between zinc taste test and other tests were very strong , we can used zinc tase test in the different age for assessment of zinc body.
A Fakhre- Movahedi , F Ahadi ,
Volume 12, Issue 4 (1-2005)
Abstract
Introduction: The purpose of this cross sectional study was to determine the prevalence of iron deficiency anemia among high school girls in Semnan city, 2002. Materials and Methods: In this study, 402 students were selected from among 4900 students at fourteen high schools in Semnan city by simple random sampling method. Study was performed in two stages initially, blood test for determination of hemoglobin was performed for all of the 402 students and later, after primary analysis, those students that were anemic (Hb< 12 g/dL) were selected for the second stage of study wherein their serum iron, total iron bonding capacity and ferritin levels were measured. Iron deficiency anemia was defined as serum ferritin less than 15 ng/L, and or transferin saturation percent less than 16%. Results: The results showed that 38 students (9.5%) were anemic that 4.5% (18 students) had iron deficiency anemia. Also, there was no significant relationship between iron deficiency anemia and student's age, age of menarche and sports activities. Conclusion: As there was no significant relationship between iron deficiency anemia and student's age, age of menarche and sports activities, further investigations are needed for determining other etiologic factors of iron deficiency anemia among high school girls in Semnan city
R Fallah ,
Volume 13, Issue 3 (7-2005)
Abstract
Biotin is a water-soluble vitamin and co-factor for activation of carboxylases apoenzymes. Biotinidase enzyme is essential for release of biotin from apoenzymes. Absence of biotinidase is an autosomal recessive trait with a prevalence of 1 in 60000. Clinical manifestations of biotinidase deficiency include dermatitis, alopecia, seizures, hypotonia, developmental delay, hearing loss, visual impairment and immunodeficiency. With early diagnosis and treatment with biotin supplements, it is possible to prevent clinical manifestations and neurological deficits.
We report a case of biotinidase deficiency with seizures, developmental delay, acrodermatitis enthropathica manifestations and mild compensated acidosis.
M Rahimian, Aa Shojaie,
Volume 14, Issue 1 (4-2006)
Abstract
Introduction: Hemodialysis patients often develop resistance to recombinant human erythropoietin due to functional Iron Deficiency. In these patients iron therapy can be hazardous leading to hemosiderosis. Recent studies have suggested that intravenous ascorbic acid may be able to improve this hyporeponsiveness. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of intravenous ascorbic acid on functional iron deficiency and whether it results in better correction of anemia or not.
Methods: Forty hemodialysis patients with serum ferritin >300ug/l, hemoglobin less than 10 gm/dl, and transferrin saturation less than 20% were selected. The reticulocyte index and KT/V was also calculated. Patients were later administered 500 mg intravenous ascorbic acid three times a week for three months. At the end of study, serum ferritin, transferrin saturation, hemoglobin, reticulocyte index and KT/V were rechecked and compared with the base line values by before and after method.
Results: Serum ferritin decreased significantly (median base line ferritin 480.45 ug/dl as compared to final ferritin level of 363.78 (P=0.0001), whereas there was a significant rise in hemoglobin concentration (median baseline hemoglobin 8.92 gm/dl compared to 9.88gm/dl (P=0.0001). Transferrin saturation was also significantly raised (median baseline transferrin saturation 17.35% as compared to final level of 25.12% (P= 0.0001). KT/V before and after treatment with ascorbic acid had no significant change (P =0.396). Finally, the rate of decrease in serum ferritin and increase in hemoglobin according to age and duration of dialysis was studied. The effect of ascorbic acid was found to be significantly greater in older patients and those with longer duration of dialysis (P <0.05) but there was no significant relationship between transferrin saturation increase and age or duration of dialysis.
Conclusion: Intravenous ascorbic acid may partially correct functional iron deficiency, although anemia is not totally corrected.
M Salehi, R Salehi, B Nasr- Esfahani,
Volume 15, Issue 2 (7-2007)
Abstract
Introduction: Mucopolysaccharidosis I (MPS-I) is an autosomal recessive lysosomal storage diseases, caused by α-L-iduronidase (IDUA) enzyme deficiency. The clinical manifestations of MPS-I patients are variable ranging from severe to mild, and therefore prediction of disease severity is difficult. From when IDUA gene has been cloned more than 109 distinct mutations have been identified in it and this number is increasing. This mutation analysis has provided some molecular explanations for the range of MPS-I phenotypes. The aim of this study was identification and molecular characterization of IDUA gene mutations in our subset of MPS I patients.
Methods: The present study performed on 5 Iranian families, each with a suspected child for MPS-I. Initially by using enzyme activity assay, the Hurler syndrome was verified and then presence of L123R mutation was evaluated by PCR-SSCP. Finally by PCR amplification of all 14 exons of the gene, SSCP and sequencing the mutations underlying the disease were identified and characterized.
Results: The detected mutations turned to be L123R (in 2 patients), W402X, P533R and G51D mutations in other 3 patients.
Discussion: L123R mutation, which was reported for the first time from our centre, was also present in 2 of the patients of this study but other 3 mutations were not novel. From our results, as well others, it can be concluded that the range of mutations in IDUA gene differ in different geographical areas. This should be considered when designing mutation detection strategies for MPS-I.
F Mohseni Moghadam, B Shidi-Zandi , A Khodadadi-Zadeh, Z Sharif Zadeh Yazdi ,
Volume 16, Issue 4 (1-2009)
Abstract
Introduction: Glycemia and blood glucose levels are under the effect of Hb A1c and therefore they could be considered as a valid index for the follow-up and control of diabetes .There are different and controversial reports on the effects of iron deficiency anemia on Hb A1c. Effects of IDA in non diabetic patients are also unknown. The aim of the study was the comparison of Hb A1C levels in healthy patients and non diabetic Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) patients before and after intervention in Rafsanjan.
Methods: This research was a semi– experimental intervention study. The population under study consisted of 30 non diabetic IDA patients and 30 healthy patients in Rafsanjan that were matched for age and sex and other characteristics. Ferritin, Hb, HCT, MCV, MCH, MCHC, FBS, BS 2HPP and Hb A1c, were measured to confirm IDA. These parameters were also measured in the healthy subjects (control group) to confirm their health and them being non diabetic and iron sufficient and all parameters were compared after the intervention. Then all patients with IDA were treated with iron 6mg/ kg for 3 months. The tests was repeated again and results compared with the results of both the groups before the intervention.
Results: The mean Hb A1c level before iron treatment was (7.64±2.08) in patients with IDA that was higher than the control group (5.97± 1.01)(p<0.05). Hb A1c decreased after iron therapy in patients with IDA.
Conclusion: It is recommended that before any diagnostic or therapeutic decisions are made with regards to Hb A1c, iron deficiency should be corrected.
H Mozaffari-Khosravi, F Zare, Mh Farahzadi, M Afkhami-Ardakani, A Jafari-Nodushan,
Volume 16, Issue 5 (1-2009)
Abstract
Introduction: Iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) are the most common epidemiological problems in the world, including our country. In order to prevent IDD and its consequences, iodized table salt is being used in our country since 1989. At present, this program is 18 years old. The surveillance of IDD may be implemented to assess the prevalence of IDD, identify high risk areas for intervention and monitor and evaluate IDD control programs. Aim of this study was to determine prevalence of goiter and urinary iodine rate in 6-11 year old primary school children in Chahak area of Yazd.
Methods: In this prevalence study, 530 primary school students aged 6-11 were selected by census. Thyroid examination and goiter classification was done according to WHO standards by one trained physician. From one–fourth of the total population, urine samples were taken and the household salt consumed by them was tested for iodine. Urinary iodine was determined by digestion method. Iodine of salt was determined by rapid test kit. Total goiter rate (TGR) was defined as sum of goiter grade I and II. Data was analyzed by SPSS software.
Results: TGR, goiter 2 and grade 1 in Chahak areas were 29.1%, 25.1 and 4%, respectively. Prevalence of goiter grade2 in girls and boys was 3.3 and 4.7%, respectively (PV=0.6).TGR in 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11 age groups was 15, 26.5, 27.5, 21.7, 31.1 and 37.9 (PV=0.93), respectively. TGR in Chahak, Shahriyary and Bakhtyary villages was 20.8, 36.9 and 68.7 (PV<0.001), respectively. In general, urinary iodine of 19.3% of population was less than 100 μ/l, 51.3% was in the ideal range and 29.3% was more than 200 μ/l. Overall mean of the urinary iodine was 162.7+56.3μg/l. Mean of the urinary iodine in Chahak, Shahriyery and Bakhtiyary villages was155+54,185+51 and 149.6+68 μg/l, respectively (PV=0.01). All of the household salt samples had iodine of which 2.7% had 8ppm,68.7.% had 15ppm and 28.6 had above 30ppm.
Conclusion: The results of this study indicated that despite the relatively ideal range of urinary iodine in study areas, the TGR was greater than the WHO target value, especially in Bakhtiyary village. Thus, further investigations are needed for finding the other causes of this problem.
R Fallah, A Shajari, N Tabkhi,
Volume 16, Issue 5 (1-2009)
Abstract
Stroke, though rare in children is among the top 10 causes of death in childhood. Incidence of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke is the same in children .We report a case of hemorrhagic stroke in a two year old girl who presented with a limp, inability to stand on the left leg and left hemiparesia. Her complaint began 10 days ago after a bout of left clonic seizure. She had been admitted to the hospital for a week due to delayed hemorrhage of the umbilical stump at the age of 18 days. Brain CT scan showed a round, hyper dense area with mass effect in the right supraparietal region. Craniotomy revealed a hemorrhage and report of pathology was hematoma. Considering the delayed umbilical cord bleeding and normality of usual tests for hemostasis and partial deficiency of factor XIII in both parents, the problem was diagnosed as homozygote severe deficiency of factor XIII.
H Mozaffari-Khosravi, M Noori Shadkam, Y Naghiaee,
Volume 17, Issue 3 (7-2009)
Abstract
Introduction: It is generally assumed that 50% of the cases of anemia are due to iron deficiency. The most severe consequence of iron depletion is iron deficiency anemia (IDA), and it is still considered the most common nutrition deficiency worldwide. The main risk factors for IDA include: inadequate iron intake, impaired absorption or transport, physiologic losses associated with chronological or reproductive age, or acute or chronic blood loss, parasite infections such as hookworms, acute and chronic infections, including malaria, cancer, tuberculosis, HIV and other micronutrient deficiencies, including vitamins A and B12, folate, riboflavin, and copper deficiency.
Methods: This work as a cross-sectional study was done in 2007-2008 in Yazd. Two hundred girls who participated in the study were selected randomly from eight girl high schools. Five ml venous blood was collected for determination of serum ferritin and cell blood count (CBC). Serum ferritin was determined by using ECLIA method and CBC by cell counter SYSMEX KX21N. Iron deficiency was defined as having serum ferritin values below 12 μ/l. Anemia was defined as having Hemoglobin levels below12 g/dl. Iron-deficiency anemia was considered to be the combination of both.
Results: The3 mean age)years) and body mass index (kg/m2) were 15.19±0.7years and 21.5±4.2, respectively. Distribution in the 14, 15 and 16 years and more age groups were 13, 58.5 and 28.5 percent, respectively. Mean of Hemoglobin(g/dl), Hematocrit(%), MCV (fl), MCH (pg), MCHC (g/dl) and ferritin(μ/l) were 12.8±0.9, 38.9±3.0, 80.7±4.3, 26.6±1.8, 33.2±3.6 and 23±18.2, respectively. Of the total, 13.5% were anemic, 68% of which had Iron Deficiency Anemia (9.3% of the total). Iron deficiency was present in 34.7% of the population under study.
Conclusion: According to world health organization criteria, anemia is a mild public health problem in this region, but iron deficiency is a significant problem and suitable measures for control and prevention of it should be undertaken.
F Azizi, H Delshad, A Amouzegar, M Hedayati, M Hosseini, M Mehraein,
Volume 18, Issue 3 (8-2010)
Abstract
Introduction: Tremendous efforts towards the elimination of Iodine Deficiency Disorders (IDD) during the last two decades have controlled these disorders in most of the provinces in Iran. This study was performed to evaluate the adequacy of iodine supplementation after 17 years of universal salt iodization in Yazd province.
Methods: In a cross-sectional study, 1200 schoolchildren (600 girls and 600 boys) aged 8 to10 year-olds, randomly selected from Yazd province were evaluated in 2007. Goiter prevalence, urinary iodine excretion and iodine content of household salts were measured and the obtained data were compared to those obtained in 1996 and 2001.
Results: Total prevalence of goiter was 6.3% and no grade II goiter was seen. The median urinary iodine in 120 schoolchildren was 248 µg/L, with 5.8% (95% CI= 1.6-10) having urinary iodine excretion less than 50µg/L. Eighty six percent of households were using purified iodized salt, 48% of households had appropriate salt storage, and 5% of the household salts contained less than 15 µg iodide.
Conclusion: Goiter prevalence has significantly decreased in the Yazd province, 17 years after universal salt iodization. The median urinary iodine of schoolchildren was adequate as that reported in 1996 and 2001, indicating a well established sustainable IDD program in Iran.
R Rostami, A Biravand, H Estabraghnia, Mr Aghasi, J Nourooz-Zadeh,
Volume 20, Issue 6 (3-2013)
Abstract
Introduction: Clinical evaluation of iodine deficiency disorders (IDDs) is often accomplished by assessment of urinary iodine excretion (UIE) in random samples however, the utilization of 24 hour urine samples is a more reliable biomarker of nutritional iodine status. This study was designed to evaluate total goiter prevalence (TGP) and iodine/creatinine ratio among school-aged children in Urmia County.
Methods: Schoolchildren (n=500) were recruited by cluster sampling from different educational areas in Urmia County. Goiter prevalence was assessed by thyroid palpation, UIE was determined by Sandell-Koltoff reaction, and Urinary creatinine was measured by the Jaffe-method.
Results: In general, TGP was 12.2%. Among these, there were 48 individuals (9.6%) with grade I goiter and 13 subjects (2.6%) with grade II goiter. Mean urinary creatinine, median UIE and median I/Cr ratio were respectively 1.36±0.76 mg/dL, 14.3µg/dL, and 11.5µg/mg. Prevalence of iodine deficiency according to UIE criteria was 22.8% and that of I/Cr ratio was 41.2%. There was a correlation between age and UIE (P=001 r=0.163). UIE and urinary creatinine were correlated as well (P<0.003 r= 0.133). A correlation was also detected between I/Cr ratios and UIE (P=0.003 r=0.133) whilst a negative association was seen between age and I/Cr ratios (P=0.001 and r=–0.263).
Conclusion: This investigation reconfirms that there is slight-to-mild iodine deficiency in Urmia County. The utilization of I/Cr ratio in conjugation with UIE and palpation may provide a better assessment in investigating nutritional iodine status.
M Asadi, A Najarzadeh, A Rajizadeh,
Volume 23, Issue 1 (4-2015)
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common genetic respiratory disease in the west, which is due to a malfunction in protein of cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR). Since some studies showed the effect of vitamin D supplementation and increment in 25OHD serum level in these patients, this study aimed to conduct a review in this scope. For reaching the available studies, a search was conducted on the studies published between2009 to 2014 in English language with the key words of vitamin D deficiency, 25OHD serum level, vitamin D supplementation and relationship with cystic fibrosis in PubMed and Google Scholar databases. In Most studies conducted on the effect of vitamin D supplementation on 25OHD serum level, an increment in 25OHD serum level was observed, though it did not reach the therapeutic target level (> 75 nmol / l or> 30 ng / ml). As a matter of fact, few studies reached the therapeutic targets. Therefore, supplementation with vitamin D in patients with CF may assist to increase the level of serum 25OHD, though achieving appropriate levels of serum 25OHD depends on conducting more studies.
V Jalili, Z Ashrafi, R Enezaremahdi, Hr Khalkhali, J Nouroozzade,
Volume 23, Issue 11 (2-2016)
Abstract
Introduction: Biosynthesis of thyroid hormone and consequently the requirement for iodine have been established to increase during gestation mainly due to increased iodine demand by the fetus. Therefore, diminished iodine intake by the mother during early pregnancy eventually leads to the development of iodine deficiency disorders(IDDS) in the offspring. The present study aimed to explore the pattern of urinary iodine excretion during gestation in urban districts of Urmia County.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 40 women at 1st trimester were enrolled. Exclusion criteria consisted of history of miscarriage and thyroid malfunction. Random urine samples were collected at 1st -, 2nd – and 3rd trimesters. In fact, UIC was determined via the sandell-kolthoff-method.
Results: Median UIC at 1st- , 2nd- and 3rd trimester were reported 116.5 µg/L, 98.8 µg/L and 100 µg/L, respectively. Repeated measurement revealed no Significant differences in median UIC during gestation (P=0.2). Prevalence of iodine deficiency (UIC<150 µg/L) at 1st -, 2nd – and 3rd trimesters were 72%, 75% and 86%, respectively.
Conclusions: The findings of the present study revealed that median UIC (105.1 µg/L) among pregnant residents of Urmia County was lower than the values recommended by WHO for school-age children and non-pregnant women. Accordingly, prevalence of iodine deficiency (UIC<150 µg/L) was demonstrated to be substantially higher compared to those regions with adequate Iodine intake. These findings imply that pregnant women residing in urban districts of Urmia are iodine deficient.
Sh Rahmati, Ar Yadegarazadi, Mb Bigdeli Shamloo , F Rabiei Fakhr , M Azami, M Borji, M Babashahi , Y Madmoli ,
Volume 24, Issue 3 (6-2016)
Abstract
Introduction: Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) causes same diseases such as osteoporosis, osteomalacia, and fractures, and also it is shown that Vitamin D deficiency could lead to some cardiovascular disease, diabetes and many types of cancer. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the frequency of vitamin D deficiency among referring to laboratories in Eyvan city during 2015 and 2016.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2014 and 2015 on patients who were referred to the laboratories at Eyvan city. Serum levels of 25OHD were determined using a ELISA assay. The data were analyzed SPSS 17 software using descriptive and analytical tests.
Results: Out of 2 919 participants, 2053 patients were women. The average age was 36.25±17.1 (range 1-92) yrs. The overall prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in the patients admitted to the medical laboratories was estimated that approximately 62%. The prevalence severe and moderate vitamin D deficiency was calculated 10.4 and 51.5, respectively. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among the ages 1-6, 7-18, 19-60 and over 60 years was estimated 45%, 59%, 64% and 58%, respectively. The mean vitamin D concentration was 36.25±18.79 ng/ml. The relationship between deficiency of vitamin D with age and gender was statistically significant (P=000).
Conclusion: Vitamin D deficiency prevalence is high, so the intervention plan seems essential to avoid complications of vitamin D deficiency such as medication treatment and establishing nationally-mandated food fortification programs to enhance the intake of vitamin D.
Abbas Khalili,
Volume 29, Issue 10 (1-2022)
Abstract
Introduction: Primary immunodeficiencies (PID) are rare heterogeneous disorders with defects in which one or more components of the immune system are malfunctioning. Clinical presentations of the patients according to type of immunodeficiency are variable. The majority of these patients are susceptible to infections depending on the type of disorder. In these patients, one of the most important and common symptoms is a skin manifestation that in many cases helps to diagnose the disease. Skin symptoms can include infectious-inflammatory-autoimmune-allergic manifestations and malignancies. In some cases, skin involvement can be the initial manifestation of immunodeficiency diseases, so understanding the relationship between the type of primary immunodeficiency and the type of skin involvement is very important in diagnosing the disease. The majorities of skin diseases are not pathogenomonic in primary immunodeficiencies and may be seen in other diseases with normal levels of immunity. However, there are numerous skin findings that are so characteristic of immunodeficiency diseases that it is necessary to evaluate the immune system.
Conclusion: Skin is an organ that may be involved in many diseases, including primary immunodeficiency. Sometimes skin is the first organ involved in immune deficiencies. Therefore, recognizing skin manifestations in these patients is one of the most important factors in early diagnosis of these people.
Abbas Khalili,
Volume 31, Issue 11 (2-2024)
Abstract
Introduction: Primary immunodeficiencies are relatively rare and heterogeneous disorders in which one or more component of immune system have genetic defect. The majority of the patients suffer from frequent infections with different microorganisms according to the type of disorder they have. Some people with primary immunodeficiency are susceptible to malignant diseases. The type of malignancy depends on the type of primary immunodeficiency, age of the patient and the type of virus infection. Many advances have been made in understanding of molecular mechanisms in humeral and cellular immune defects. Furthermore، our knowledge has been increased about the incidence of infections and tumors in primary immunodeficiency and this helps us in early diagnosis of disorders and their complications. Several evidences support the theory that the immune system plays a major role in the occurrence of many malignant diseases. Articles have been searched on Google Scholar، PubMed، Web of Science، and Scopus databases. In this review، the latest and most reliable articles related to the subject that had been published in English language were used.
Conclusion: Since the patients with primary immunodeficiency are prone to multiple infections, various malignancies can be seen in these people. The recurrence of some malignancies in families, especially blood malignancies may be due to primary immunodeficiency and we should consider evaluation of immune system.
Abbas Khalili,
Volume 32, Issue 1 (4-2024)
Abstract
Introduction: Inborn error of immunity (IEI) includes variety of genetic disorders that affect both the innate and acquired immune system. The number of primary immune deficiency disorders is increasing due to advanced laboratory testing methods. The patients with IEI are susceptible to multiple infectious and non-infectious diseases، including autoimmune disorders، allergies، and malignancies. Several studies have shown an increasing prevalence of non-infectious disorders in patients in IEI. Among the non-infectious manifestations of primary immunodeficiency، allergic symptoms can play an effective and important role in diagnosis and treatment of these patients.Articles were searched in Google Scholar، PubMed، Web of Science، and Scopus databases. In this review، we have tried to use the latest and most reliable articles related to the subject that have been published in Persian and English language.
Conclusion: Allergic diseases can be a common part of some primary immunodeficiency diseases. Even in some types of primary immunodeficiency، they are considered the main symptom and important indicator of the disease، which are very decisive factors for the diagnosis of immunodeficiency.
