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Introduction: It is well known that one of the powerful sperm function tests is the acrosome reaction (AR), which is a prerequisite in the fertilization process. The predictability of sperm fertilizing ability using AR has been suggested for IVF treatment cycles. The aim of study was to assess the power of AR using human follicular fluid (hFF) to predict the fertilization rate (FR) in IVF cycles. Materials &Methods: This investigation was experimental. During 9 month, 54 different semen samples were collected from infertile men exactly before insemination of retrieved oocytes. Each sample was divided into 4 aliquots and semen analysis (SA) was done on the first aliquot. For Acrosomal reaction, the sperm samples were washed with Ham'sf10 culture media and after 2 hours in 37C􀃛 incubator, the samples were divided into 3 tubes. The first tube was control, DMSO 1mg/ml was added to the second tube and follicular fluid was added to the third one. The acrosome was stained by double staining method and acrosomal status was examined. Results: The data analysis showed that there are no significant relationships between fertilization, sperm count, fast moving sperms, slow moving sperms, overall sperm motility and morphology. The results also showed that the mean of acrosome reactions in groups with rate 􀂔50 and > 50% were significant (p<0.05). In addition, using ROC analysis, with cut-off value of 45% for fertilization, a cut-off value of 10.5% was achieved. Conclusion: In order to have a more accurate selection of the method of fertilization, predict the success rate of IVF and prevent possible complications, it is advisable to use acrosome reaction test

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Introduction: Toluene is an organic solvent that it is one of the byproducts in the coke industry. Exposure to toluene causes central nervous system dysfunction and others disorders. Many workers are exposed to toluene due to leakage from tracks. Therefore the aim of this study was to determine the levels of exposure through environmental and biological monitoring of toluene Methods: Air toluene sampling of air inhaled by 36 coke oven workers was done by using activated charcoal tubes and personal sampling pumps. At the end of the shift, urine samples of workers and control group were collected by urine samplers. Air toluene was determined by GC, urinary hippuric acid by HPLC and urine creatinine level was determined by auto analyzer. Results: The mean of air toluene and urinary hippuric acid levels in exposed and control samples were 14.34 ppm, 0.33 and 0.28 g/g creatinine. Air toluene and urinary hippuric acid showed a correlation of r = 0.8. Conclusion: Toluene TWA was lower than the TLV-TWA (p=0.000). Urinary hippuric acid concentration was also lower than the BEI (p=0.008). Difference between exposed and unexposed group was not significant. This study showed that hippuric acid because of its interaction with background factors can not be used as a sensitive biomarker for biomonitoring.

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Introduction: Diabetes can affect organs including the oral mucosa. There is a disagreement about the prevalence of oral mucosal disease in diabetic patients. We therefore decided to investigate more about that. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of soft tissue pathologies by assessing burning mouth and xerostomia in diabetic patients on the basis of type of diabetes and control status of diabetes. Methods: This descriptive, analytic study was done by visiting 486 known diabetic patients who were referred to the Endocrine Clinic in summer of 2005. Their demographic information with history of systemic diseases accompanied by the amount of HbAIC and duration of disease was recorded in their questionnaire. Diagnosis of oral lesions was done by clinical examination. Burning mouth was assessed by visual analog scale in persons who suffered and subjective xerostomia was evaluated by standard questionnaire. Data collection was done by software SPSS 10, and statistical analysis was done by X2 and logistic regression test. Results: In this study, 34 patients were type I and 434 were type II patients with mean age of 47.84±9.77 years. Frequency of all candidasis lesions was 15.4% which included denture stomatitis 5.3%, angular cheilitis 4.1%, median rhomboid glossitis 1.5%and papillary atrophy of tongue 4.5%. Frequency of non-candidal lesions was 20.1%, which included fissured tongue 10.5%, geographic tongue 7.9% and lichen planus 1.7%. 6.2% of patients suffered from glossodyna. 15.6% of patients had xerestomia. By logistical regression test, we found that type of diabetes affects denture stomatitis, angular cheilitis, tongue atrophy and amount of HbA1c. Conclusion: All of the pathologies were greater in type I than type II diabetes patients. Level of HbA1c had an important role in appearance of oral lesions and level changes can cause problems in the mouth. Thus, patients should maintain their oral hygiene and control their glucose regularly

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Introduction: Medicinal plants are valuable natural resources that are nowadays known as safe pre-materials for drug industries in the advanced countries. Black caraway is one of the most important and economical medicinal plants that can be grown naturally in some regions of Yazd province. The essence of the plant are used in treatment of diarrhea, dyspepsia, fever, flatulence, stomachache, hemorrhoids, hiccoughs, as an antihistaminic and more numerous uses in medicine industries. This plant shows several therapeutic effects on digestive and urinary tract disorders and is well known as an anti-convulsant, anthelmintic, anti-asthma and antidyspnic drug in Iranian traditional medicine. Bunium Persicum oil is capable of suppressing the initial stage of an inflammatory process. Also, this plant is used for culinary purposes and for flavoring foods and beverages. Methods: In this research, the fractionization of seed essence was done by GC method and the compounds were recognized. The DPPH test was used for estimating anti oxidant effects and the Follin-Ciocalteu method was used for estimating quantity of phenol compounds. Results: The results revealed that- γTerpinene had the highest percentage in the essence of the native black caraway of Yazd province. Also, the antioxidant test showed the high antioxidant effect of the native black caraway of Yazd province with an IC50 of 2.85 µg.mg-1 and the phenolic component percentage of 117.09mg.g1. Conclusion: This result was much higher than previous similar studies about black caraway.

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Introduction: Iran is one of the greatest and the most divergent resources of medicinal plants. Cuminum cyminum is one of the important and valuable medicinal plants of our country with such medical effects as anti-seizure, anti- epilepsy, stomach-strengthening, diuretic, anti-flatulence and maldigestion. The aim of this research is to assess the chemical components and antioxidant effects of the seed essence of this plant. Methods: The seed essence from southwest mountains of Behabad, Yazd was extracted by Clevenger apparatus, then segregation and recognition of components was performed by Gas Chromatography(GC) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry(GC-MS) methods. The DPPH test was used for estimating antioxidant effects and Follin-Ciocalteu method was used for estimating the quantity of phenol compounds. This study was an applied research. Results: Components identification revealed that propanal (26.19%), 1-phenyl-1-butanol (16.49%), γ-Terpinene (13.04%) and benzene methanol (25.4%) had the highest percentage in the essence. The antioxidant test showed a high antioxidant effect with IC50 of 1.49 µg/mg and a high phenolic component percentage of about 162.62 mg/g. Conclusion: The propanal, the main component of seed essence, has a wide range of applications in industries and pharmacy. The result of this research showed a much higher antioxidant activity for native Cuminum Cyminum of Yazd province comparing the previous similar studies about this plant in other areas.

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Introduction: Previous studies have shown altered levels of n-3LCPUFA in the pathophysiologcal conditions such as preeclampsia .Also elevated expression of sFlt-1 in preeclampsia plays a major role in the pathogenesis of this serious disorder especially in reduced placental oxygenation. The present study examines the hypothesis that Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA 20:5), an omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3LCPUFAs), may attenuate sFlt-1 gene and protein expression in JEG-3 cells treated with induced hypoxia-like conditions by (DMOG) -induced hypoxia-like conditions. Methods: JEG-3 cells were pretreated with DMOG incubated with EPA. Protein expression of sFlt-1 was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Messenger RNA expressions of sFlt-1 was determined by and RT Real Time-PCR. Results: Our results showed that incubation of JEG-3 cells with DMOG cause a significant elevation in mRNA levels and protein secretion of sFlt-1(P < 0.05). In contrast, EPA decreased the mRNA expression and protein secretion of sFlt-1(P < 0.05). Also mRNA expression and protein secretion of sFlt-1 inhibited cells treated by both EPA and DMOG (P=0.261, P =0.077 respectively). Conclusion: These findings confirm previous studies that hypoxia caused elevation in sFlt-1 gene expression and protein secretion. Also our studies reveal that effects of n-3 fatty acids in restraining preeclampsia complications may be mediated by suppressing the gene expression and protein secretion of sFlt-1 under hypoxia conditions. This data provide evidence that n-3 LCPUFA can exert its effects through inhibition of the HIF pathway

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Introduction: Infertility is described as the inability to get pregnant after one year of unprotected intercourse. About half of infertility cases are because of male factors. Idiopathic azoospermia or severe oligozoospermia caused by genetic alterations is a significant part of male infertility. A key step of spermatogenesis is crossover events during meiotic reciprocal recombination. MLH3 protein has a crucial role in meiotic recombination and in spermatogenesis. We evaluated this function of MLH3 protein by examining the contribution of functional polymorphism in MLH3 (C2531T) to the risk of male infertility. Methods: We studied this polymorphism in 110 infertile male with idiopathic azoospermia or severe oligozoospermia, and 110 fertile men with normozoospermia as a control group. MLH3 C2531T polymorphism was analyzed using the tetra-amplification refractory mutation system-PCR (4P-ARMS-PCR) method. Results: Genotypes CC, CT and TT of the MLH3 gene presented frequencies of 13.6%,59.1% and 27.3%, respectively, in the men with idiopathic azoospermia or severe oligozoospermia and 37.3%,53.6% and 9.1% in the control group (p<0.001). Conclusion: The data suggest that the MLH3 C2531T polymorphism can be associated with risk of male infertility. The research data showed that presence of the polymorphic allele T leads to an increased risk of 2.35 times (OR =2.35, 95% CI =1.57-3.51 p<0.001) to develop infertility in relation to the normal control group. Therefore, the MLH3 gene polymorphism may be genetic determinant for defective spermatogenesis in the humans.

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Introduction: Medicinal herbs are one of the most valuable Iranian National assets. Herbal essential oils have valuable therapeutic properties. Oxidation and volatile of essential oils caused some limitations in its usage. Nanoliposomes are nonometric lipid-based vesicles. Drug delivery carrier to improve delivery of therapeutic agent is one of the most well-known application of liposomal vesicles. In recent years, scientists paid much attention to encapsulate plant essential oil in nanocarriers. The goal of presented study was encapsulation of Trachyspermumcopticum in nanoliposomal carriers to improve the therapeutic functionality.

Methods: The essential oil of Trachyspermumcopticum was extracted by Clevenger instrument using hydrodistilation method and its components were determined with gas-mass chromatography. Small unilamellar lipid based vesicles containing Trachyspermumcopticum essential oil were prepared using thin film hydration method. Lipid phase were contained SPC 80, cholesterol and Trachyspermumcopticum essential oil. Nano-vesicles were evaluated by several analyses such as encapsulation efficiency, size, zeta potential, release kinetic profile and surface morphology.

Results: Results showed that the encapsulation efficiency of entrapped essential oil was 35.6±7.4% and mean nano-liposome diameter was 186.1 nm. The prepared nano-vesicle led to controlled release profile.

Conclusion: In the present study, encapsulation of Trachyspermumcopticum essential oil into nano liposome was performed in order increasing stability, water- solubility and improving therapeutic index. The prepared formulation was slow-release, well-coating to preserve the essential oil against oxidation and increasing stability.

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Introdution: In the present study, Lipofactamine 2000 was used as a cationic liposome for miR-101 transfection in order to investigate its cytotoxicity and its effect on the expression of ubiquitin ligase HECTH9 in acute myeloid leukemia cells (AML).
Methods: MiR- 101 was transferred to KG-1 cells (myeloid cells) and HBMF-SPH (healthy bone marrow cells) using lipofectamine 2000 as a nano carrier. Then, using the MTT test, the 48-hour cell toxicity in both cell lines was evaluated. The effect of this miRNA on the expression of HECTH9 gene (ubiquitin Ligaase E3) was evaluated using qRT-PCR technique.
Results: The findings of this study showed that Lipofactamine alone was not toxic to any of the cell lines, but lipofectamine-containing miR-101 (Lipo / miR-101) in KG-1 cells produced the highest toxicity compared to other treatments. The results of qRT-PCR test showed that Lipo / miR-101 treatment in KG-1 cells caused the highest expression in HECTH9 gene at the mRNA level.
 
Conclusion: Lipofactamine, as a cationic liposome, can effectively transfect miR-101 into the cells and can cause miR-101 to specifically display its antitumor effect by increasing the expression of HECTH9 and regulating pathways of mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. Therefore, miR-101 can be used as a potent tumor suppressor and an effective therapeutic agent for gene therapy in the patients with AML.

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Introdution: The aim of this study was to investigate the physico-chemical properties, surface charge and cytotoxicity of nanocomposite formulations for the design of lipid nano-systems with maximum loading for nucleic acids in bone marrow cancer.
Methods For this study, six types of liposomes with different compositions were synthesized using DPPC, cholesterol, DSPE-mPEG (2000) and DOTAP. Then, nanosystems were evaluated for particle size, surface charge, cytotoxicity and loading rate of miRNA in two MG-63 and SaOs2 cell lines, which are human cell bone marrow cell lines.
Results: All nano-systems were monodisperse. Among the systems, the F6 formula has the lowest toxicity and the highest load of miRNA-143, due to the presence of a suitable amount of DOTAP and PEG phospholipid in the liposome structure.
Conclusion: Liposomal formulation with a suitable percentage of DOTAP cationic phospholipid can be used as a successful carrier for the transport of miRNA in the gene therapy process for the treatment of various cancers, especially metastatic types.

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Introdution: The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of miR-143 on the expression of Bcl2 gene at the level of mRNA, cell cytotoxicity in the SaOs-2 cell line (Osteosarcoma) and Hum 63 (Human primary bone cells).
Methods: In this experimental study, miR-143 was introduced into the SaOs-2  and Hum 63 cell by the lipofectam 2000 system. Then, the effects of miR-143 on cytotoxicity (72 hours) and expression of Bcl2 gene were measured by the MTT tests and Real Time Pcr protocols, respectively.
Results: The results showed that the lipofectamine 2000 system had no toxicity in both Hum63 and SaOs2 cell lines by itself. SaOs2 cancer cells were more susceptible to miR-143 and Lipo / miR-143 compared to Hum63 cells. The highest reduction in SaOs2 cells was observed after the treatment with Lipo / miR-143 (p <0.05). Furthermore, according to the results, transfection of miR-143 by lipofectamine 2000 into the cell, compared to cell-treated alone by miR-143, significantly reduced Bcl2 expression (p <0.05).
Conclusion: The lipoprotein 2000 system can be effective in absorbing miR-143 into the cells. By targeting various cellular pathways, including the expression level of the Bcl2 gene, miR-143 can be effective in the treatment of bone cancer (Osteosarcoma).

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Introduction: Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women worldwide. BRCA1 is a tumor suppressor gene that is involved in DNA-damage repair. One of the significant risk factors of breast cancer is the family history. BRCA1 gene consists of 24 exons that encode a protein with 1863 amino acids. Exon 11 is the largest exons and most of the disease-linked mutations have been found in it. Inherited mutations in the BRCA1 gene are constituted for the major hereditary breast cancer cases. Deficiency in BRCA1 gene was considered to be a high risk in the families with breast cancer. The goal of this study was to evalute mutation in BRCA1 gene in the patients with breast cancer.
Methods: In this study, blood samples were collected from 200 breast cancer patients. 40 patients suffer from hereditary breast cancer, after DNA extraction, exon 11 of BRCA1 genes were evaluated by PCR-SSCP technique followed by direct sequencing and the result of the changes was evaluated by in silico analysis.
Results: The samples, showing mobility shift on SSCP analysis, were used for direct DNA sequencing, two new missense mutations c.3059C>T (p.Pro1020Leu) and (p.Thr1025Ile) c.3074C>T were detected in the patients with hereditary breast cancer. In silico analysis on protein function revealed that the mutation c.3074C>T effected on protein structure and predicted to be possibly damaging.
Conclusion: Screening of the BRCA1 gene mutation can help to manage the treatment of the patients and their families. Therefore, for families exposed to cancer, genetic screening can help family members know if they need tests to look for cancer early, or if they should take steps to reduce their risk.

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Introdution: Acute renal failure is a common complication in the brain injury patients. Released adenosine in injury can reduce renal glomerular filtration. Aminophylline is an inhibitor of releasing adenosine. So, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of intravenous aminophylline in renal function of brain-injured patients with acute renal failure admitted to the intensive care unit.
Methods: In this double-blind randomized controlled trial, 50 brain-injured patients with acute renal failure in the intensive care unit were divided randomly into two intervention and placebo groups. They were randomly received 0.2 mg/kg/h intravenous aminophylline or 0.2 mg/kg/h placebo (normal saline). Urine output and serum BUN and Cr were measured at 24 hours before and after the administration of aminophylline or placebo. Data were analyzed through SPSS version 22 software and using Chi-square test, independent t-test, Mann-Whitney as well as Wilcoxon tests.
Results: There was a significant difference between urine output and serum BUN and Cr at 24 hours after the study in both groups (P< 0.001). In the intervention group, there was a significant difference between urine output and serum BUN and Cr before and after the intervention (P< 0.001) and in the control group, there was no significant difference between the mean of urine output and Cr (p=0/06) and serum BUN (p=0/08) before and after the study.
Conclusion: Aminophylline can increase urine output and decrease serum BUN and Cr and improve renal function in the brain-injured patients with acute renal failure.

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Introdution: Nanotechnology introduced new methods to chemotherapy drugs delivery into cancer cells to reduce the side effect of drugs it increases the quality of cancer treatment and reduces the side effects of chemotherapy. . In this study, different lipid formulations of nucliposomes containing curcumin was prepared by thin-layer method and evaluated for chemical-physical evaluation on MCF-7 cell line.
Methods: This study was a descriptive-analytic. Various formulations of liposomes prepared from Span 60, SPC and cholesterol. Curcumin was loaded in the liposomes. Final liposome formulation selected and PEGylated. The Optimal formulation characterized by DLS, FT-IRT, Fe-SEM and SEM. Statistical analysis was performed with Prism6 software.
Results: The average size of liposomes, encapsulation efficacy of liposomal loaded curcumin and Zeta potential was about 63.9 nm, -41mV and %95.58, respectively. Liposomes exhibited the slowest release rate in normal and turmeric cell culture condition. To compare the function of free curcumin in similar concentrations, liposomal curcumin formulation was %63 toxic to MCF7 Cell line.
Conclusion: The present study shows that an optimally optimized nanoliposome with curcumin having appropriate physicochemical properties, improving drug toxicity in cancerous cell lines and increasing drug stability can be a good vector for drug delivery to breast cancer cells.
Conclusion: The present study shows that an optimally optimized nanoliposome with curcumin having appropriate physicochemical properties, improving drug toxicity in cancerous cell lines and increasing drug stability can be a good vector for drug delivery to breast cancer cells.

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Introdution: Multiple sclerosis is a chronic disease in the nervous system; It has many problems due to its chronic and promising nature. The treatment of this disease includes medical care and empowerment interventions for symptom management. The purpose of this study was to review the empowerment interventions in these patients.
Methods: This study was conducted in a Systematic Reviewperiod from January 2000 to June 2018. On indexing sites “Magiran, PubMed, Google Scholar and Science Direct” searched the key words of Multiple Sclerosis, Chronic Disease, Quality of Life, Self-care, Self-management, Rehabilitation, Empowerment, Psychotherapy, Psychological interventions, Clinical Trials, and Randomized Clinical Trial. Out of 1855 articles found, 33 articles were selected for review.
Results: The results of this study showed that empowerment interventions in people with MS can be divided into four categories of self-care, self-management, rehabilitation and psychotherapy interventions. Lack of attention to empowerment interventions in people with MS, especially in the Iran, low attention to male patients in implementing interventions, failure to consider the theoretical framework in the formulation of interventions, lack of follow-up test and non-use of virtual intervention methods (Such as using DVDs, consulting and telephone training, etc.) in Iranian studies, is one of the most respected points in previous studies.
Conclusion: Empowerment studies have provided significant results in reducing symptoms and improving the quality of life of patients, which can help improve these interventions by considering some of the points.
 

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Introduction: Schizophrenia is a mental disorder affecting 1% of the world's population. Two of genes have been recognized to be involved in development of this disease: DRD2 and GSTM1.
Methods: This case-control study included 100 patients suffering from schizophrenia who referred to Yazd Neuropsychiatry Hospital. Also, 100 healthy patients without schizophrenia were selected as the control group. After DNA extraction, it was genotyped 100 schizophrenic and 100 healthy controls by use of restricted fragment of length polymorphism (RFLP) for Ser311Cys polymorphism and multiplex PCR for GSTM1. After performing relevant experiments and gaining some results, statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software16. In this study, Chi-square and logistic regression tests were used to investigate the relation between genotype of polymorphism and schizophrenia.
Results: Data analysis showed that frequency distribution of Ser311Cys polymorphism genotypes between the patients and healthy participants was not significant (P: 0.121). Also, for GSTM1, there was no association between the polymorphism and schizophrenia. In general, the frequency distribution of the deleting gene between the patients and the control group was not significant (P= 0.089). And this polymorphism was significantly associated with symptoms (P = 0.012).
Conclusion: The results of this study show that Ser311Cys polymorphism and GSTM1 polymorphism is not common among the studied patients, therefore it indicates its non-effectiveness in the study population. However, because the study population is not representative of the entire Iranian population, further studies with larger population are needed.

 

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Introduction: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is known as a metabolic, reproductive and ovarian degeneration disorder. Pro12 Ala mutation in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) gene as a transcription factor is linked to disorder of glucose and infertility. In the patients with type 2 diabetes and polycystic ovary syndrome, metformin is the recommended first-line treatment. The aim of this study was evaluation of pharmacokinetics of metformin and the patients genotype for Pro12 Ala polymorphism.
Methods: In this study, 100 women with PCOS and 100 healthy women were evaluated. Plasma levels of the FSH and LH were evaluated before and after metformin consumption in the patients.The Pro12 Ala polymorphism was detected by PCR-RFLP analysis.
Results: Two patients carried GG homozygous recessive. There was no significant difference in genotypes between the healthy and patient women. There was a significant difference in plasma levels of LH, FSH and testosterone before and after treatment with metformin but there was no relationship between genotype and response to metformin (p-value = 0.59).
Conclusion: Considering to this research, there is no relationship between Pro12 Ala polymorphism and metformin response in the patients, but the response to metformin for the regulation and improvement ovulation hormones in many patients is satisfactory.
 

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