Journal of

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Introduction: Numerous studies showed that lifestyle in the years of growth and adolescence is the most important factor in determining the risk of osteoporosis in later years of life. This study aimed to assess lifestyle and nutritional preventive behaviors of osteoporosis among teenagers in Qazvin in Iran. Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was performed within teenagers, in a population – based sample of 300 students collected via random cluster sampling. Data was collected through a self-administered questionnaire containing 15 questions (Questions items included risk factors related to osteoporosis, preventive behaviors of osteoporosis, and demographic factors). Using SPSS 16, the data were analyzed by Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests. Results: Findings showed that the majority of teenagers (71.3%) do not have regular physical activity. There were significant differences between physical activity patterns of male students and female students (P=0.001). Nutritional habit results showed that female students (66.7%) used foods (34.7%) containing vitamin D more than male students. The results showed that 29.3% of male students and 24.3% of female students didn’t use any calcium absorption increasing ways in the body. Conclusion: The study findings show that osteoporosis in Iranian teenagers appears to correlate with several known risk factors and unsuitable behaviors that were well described in the literature. It revealed that preventive educational strategies on osteoporosis are important in this population. So modifying lifestyle among teenagers seems essential in order to prevent osteoporosis in the future

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Introduction: One of the major goals of nursing in trauma patients is clearing the airway. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the side effects of suction and nelaton catheter in patients with brain trauma. Methods: This study is a randomized clinical trial consisting of 80 patients admitted to intensive care unit of Shahid Rahnemun hospital in Yazd. Underlying variables and suction side effects were evaluated in both suction and nelaton groups. Finally, descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were performed using SPSS Ver 16 such as Chi-square and T-test. Results: The nelaton reduced the patients’ need to suction (P-Value for third and fourth days was respectively 0. 003 and 0. 004). After total suction with nelaton catheter, O2SAT decreased for the patients (P-Value of first day=0. 06, second day=0. 004, third day=0.002, fourth day =0. 001). Comparing O2SAT between these two types of catheter, a significant difference was observed on the fourth day(P-Value = 0. 002). The mean heart rate increased in both groups after suctioning(P-Value = 0. 0001), though no difference was found in heart rate between the two groups (P-Value of first day=0. 37, the second day=0. 13,the third day=0. 57, fourth day=0. 09). The difference between the two groups in regard with frequency of bleeding chips after suctioning proved to be significant from the third day of the study. In other words, patients in suction catheter were reported to have more bleeding chips. (P-Value of first day =0. 9, second day=0. 14, third day=0. 001, fourth day=0. 001). No significant difference was found with respect to infection (P-Value = 0. 8). Conclusion: The study findings revealed that applying catheter nelaton can reduce the injury and bleeding to the patient's trachea to a significant percentage and can lead to less O2SAT fall.

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Introduction: Sleep is regarded as one of the basic needs of human. Several factors can cause sleep disturbances in hospitalized inpatients, among which noise and light can be taken into account in Coronary Care Unit(CCU). Therefore, this study intended to investigate the effect of eyemasks and earplugs use on sleep quality of patients suffering from Myocardial Infarction in CCU. Methods: In this randomized clinical trial, a sample size of 90 patients admitted in CCU was selected. The samples were randomly divided into three groups on the first night of stay: patients with an eye mask and ear plug, patients with only an eye mask and patients in the control group. The intervention was performed from the first night of admission until discharge and sleep quality was assessed by Visual Analog Scale. Moreover, the study data were analyzed via SPSS software (ver,18) using ANOVA, paired t-test, independent t-test and post hoc Don. Results: The mean score of sleep quality showed a significant difference after the intervention between the two experimental groups with the control group (p<0/05), whereas no significant difference was observed between the two experimental groups after the intervention (p>0/05). Conclusion: The study findings revealed that using eyemasks and earplugs as low-cost and uncomplicated devices can improve sleep quality in patients in CCU.

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Introduction: Chronic patient care causes  some problems, including pressure or burden of care, reducing the time for routine activities and self care, also causes compatibility decline in deal with stress and disorders of physical and mental health, emotional, social and financial prosperity of caregivers. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of continuous care model on social health status of  family caregivers in patients  underwent coronary artery bypass surgeries.

Methods: This study was  one-group clinical trial research, the samples consisted 48 family caregiver of  the patients  underwent coronary artery bypass graft  surgeries, who  were selected using purposive sampling method. Data collection tools included the standard questionnaire Data collection tool was Novak and Guest caring burden inventory (CBI) s as well as demographic questionnaire, which  was  measured at the baseline and 8 weeks after intervention.  Data were analyzed using  descriptive  and analytic statistic (paired t-test, and covariance analysis) with SPSS version 16.

Results: The mean score of  caring burden realated  to  the social health status before intervention was 3.86±6.11 and after intervention was 1.81±2.33. In examining five dimensions burden of care,  continuous care model had an impact on all aspects of the  caring burden and it led to the reduction of the burden of care  in  all aspects.  So,  it had a significant decrease  in the social health status (p <0.01).

Conclusion: Implementation of continuous care model as the intervention of cheaper and available,  can be an effective step inreducing the burden of care of the  patients with  coronary artery disease in health status of social.

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Introduction: Bleeding, hematoma and cyanosis in the arterial catheter site are considered the most important complications after coronary artery angiography. A method in which homeostasis can result faster and patient can walk sooner should be found. Therefore, this study aimed to compare two methods of sandbags and transparent film dressings to reduce complications after coronary artery angiography.

Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted on 80 eligible patients at Shafa Hospital in Kerman, Iran. After angiography, the patients were randomly divided into two groups (n=40), a transparent film dressing and traditional dressing with sand bags groups. Transparent Talc and ECG paper, a 10-cm ruler, in the range of zero to ten, and the blood-soaked film weight (weight before and after angiography), were respectively used to measure cyanosis, the pain intensity and the amount of bleeding.

Results:. No bleeding was observed in patients using transparent film dressing. After coronary angiography, the intensity of back pain and groin pain in patients using traditional dressing with sand bags was higher than in those using the transparent film dressing. Cyanosis was the same in both groups.

Conclusion: Transparent film dressing is advised because of its impact of on reduction of complications after angiography, and also flexibility, semi-permeability, convenience, simplicity of usage and visibility.

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Introduction: Basic conditioning factors can influence the self-care behaviors, and it is necessary to perform self-care behaviors in order to prevent diabetes complications and improve the quality of life. This study aimed to investigate the effects of basic conditioning factors on self-care behaviors of the patients with type 2 diabetes who referred to Yazd Research Center.

Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, 95 patients with type 2 diabetes, systematically selected, were investigated. A questionnaire developed by the researcher, including 25 tests of which the reliability and validity were ascertained, was used in this study. The data were analyzed using SPSS (16), through conducting independent t-test, one way ANOVA and Pearson Correlation Coefficient.

Results: The mean for self-care behaviors of the patients with diabetes was 6/53+7/11. The results indicated that the lowest scores of the patients' self-care were gotten in blood sugar testing and physical activity, as well as the highest scores were gotten in foot care and nutrition parts. There was a statistically significant difference in the mean scores of self-care of the patients with different gender, age, adequacy of income and employment, educational status, complication arising and other chronic diseases, as well as the duration of the disease (p < 0/05).
Conclusion: In order to promote self-care behaviors, the effectiveness of the demographic factors such as age, gender, educational status, adequacy of income and employment should be considered. The health care centers also should give the patients some essential information about basic conditioning factors.