Journal of

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Introduction: The term of idiopatic osteosclerosis (I.O) have been used to describe a localised area of radiopacity of unknown origin. The condition is usually asymptomatic and discovered on a radiograph taken for other reason. The radiopacity is variable in size, shape, outline and density. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the frequncy, age and sex distribution and anatomic location of I.O and its relation to history of extraction of decidious teeth. Materials and Methods: Standard panoramic radiographs of 917 patients(494 female & 423 male) were examined at the Department of oral and maxillofacial radiology, Yazd dental college and private clinic. The age, sex as well as the anatomic location of I.O is outlined I.O mass were observed in patients. The radiographs was studies carefully by oral radiologist and sclerosis mass place was marked then clinical examination was done. Results: In total 54 sclerosis mass in 52 mandibuls were observed According to the location of lesions premolars of lower jaws was higher than other (59.6% in female & 40.4% in male P=0.392). Most of cases were occurred in 3rd & forth decade of life (P=0.018). The most prevalence areas were premolar/ molar/ between firstmolar second premolar/ between canin & first premolar. Conclusion: According to the our finding that the most prevalence was belogned to sclerotic mass that was not related to the root, the developing theory in a cause of mass that seems to be accepted.

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Introduction: Women are likely to be involved in anxiety two times more than men. One of the reasons for this increase is that stressors like pregnancy and labor are specific for women. 70 percent of primigravidas and 75 percent of multigravidas experience anxiety during their pregnancy. So, this research was done with the aim of evaluating the effect of education module “Preparing for childbirth” on the level of anxiety during pregnancy and labor in primigravidas referring to the Social Security Insurance clinic in Mashad. Material & Methods: This study was a kind of semi-experimental clinical research that was done on 110 primigavidas. The method was goal-center sampling on three occasions beginning of research, pregnancy period and labor by using the Cattells anxiety test. After determination of primary anxiety, experimental group was educated for “preparation for childbirth” in 3 meetings for 3 weeks, and about four weeks after the determination of primary anxiety. During labor, (dilation 3-5 cm) anxiety in two groups was measured. Results: Findings showed that education significantly decreases the anxiety during pregnancy (p<0.0001) and labor (p<0.0001) , while in the control group, the level of anxiety during pregnancy and labor as compared to the initial stage was significantly higher. There was a straight correlation between hidden anxiety and the acquired scores during education.(P=0.018, r=0.28) Conclusion: “Preparation for labor” education declines the anxiety of pregnant females during their pregnant period and as soon as the education is stopped, its effect gradually decreases and anxiety again increases. The researcher therefore proposes that for reduction of anxiety in pregnant females, continuous education should be imparted to pregnant women.

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Colonic lipoma is a benign neoplasm that can lead to colonic obstruction but concomitant intussusception is rare in adults. In this case, colocolic intussusception due to a lipoma in the descending colon had occurred. By laparatomy, we diagnosed the problem , but reduction was impossible . So resection of the colon with mass was done and anastomosed. After surgery and 3 years follow up the patient was without any complications. We present this case, and briefly review literature of colonic intussusception in adults.

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Introduction: Colorectal cancer is the most common cancer of the alimentary system. In women, it is the second leading cause of mortality after breast cancer while in men, it is the third leading cause of death after lung and prostate carcinoma. Prevalence is more in population older than 50 years and increases in older people. Therefore, best treatment and prognosis is early diagnosis of disease. Methods: This study was a retrospective, cross-sectional study that included files of 191 patients of Shahid Rahnemoon and Afshar hospitals (two main hospitals) in Yazd, Iran from 1992 till 1999. The aim was to evaluate the abundance and distribution of colorectal cancer with respect to staging, age, occupation, residence, clinical signs and method of treatment. All of the patients had a cancer pathology report. Results: Of the total of 191 patients with colorectal cancer, 186 cases were adenocarcinoma and 5 cases were lymphoma. Prevalence rate in men was more than women and their age range was between 28 and 94 years. 127 patients (67%) were in the 60 – 69 years age group , while 7.3% were in the 20 -39 years age group. 106 patients (55.5%) were men and 85 patients (44.5%) were women. 64.9% were urban dwellers and 35.1% were rural. Surgical treatment included abdominoperinneal resection (A.P.R) in 55 patients (28.8%), anterior resection (A.R) and anastomosis in 40 patients (20.9%), right and left hemicolectomy, each in 25 patients and rectosigmoiedectomy and anastomosis in 18 patients(19.4%). Results of treatment were as follows:177 patients (92.76%) had relative recovery post operation, 5 cases (2.6%) were discharged from the hospital against medical advice, 3 cases (1.6%) died and 6 cases (3.1%) were discharged with poor condition after laparotomy. Conclusion: Most of the patients with colorectal cancer referred with rectorrhagia, main type of cancer was adenocarcinoma (97.4%) and the most frequent surgical procedure performed was A.P.R. Further research projects in the field of diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of these patients can be helpful in the treatment of these patients.

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Introduction: EBV is categorized as Herpesviridans and by nature is a Lymph crypto Virus. Studies have demonstrated that EBV will infect 80 to 90 percent of patients during the first year and there is a close relation between kidney malfunction and EBV infection. Reactivation of the virus excites the immune system, and ultimately leads to rejection of kidney. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and identify the affecting factors of EBV infection among renal allograft recipients. Methods: This descriptive study was conducted on 68 renal allograft recipients hospitalized in Imam Khomeini medical center from 2001 to 2004. Blood sample was taken from subjects before kidney transplantation and it was being taken every 3 months during the first year after transplantation. Elisa Serologic tests were implemented to determine the antibody virus EBV antigens, such as VCAIgM, VCAIgG and EBNAIgG. Information about patients was obtained from their medical records and necessary forms were filled. Types of prescribed immunosuppressive agents and the status of kidney rejection was closely observed to identify the factors affecting rejection. Results: This study showed that EBV infection was previously developed in 85.3 %of subjects (58 patients) and Active Infection was found in14.7 % of subjects (10 patients). EBV Seronegativity and Primary infection was not found in this sturdy. Active infection and secondary EBV was detected in 58.8% of subjects (40 patients) during the first year after transplantation. 95.6 % (65 of recipients) before transplantation were seropositive for EBNAIgG and after transplantation, 100% (All of them) were positive. 92.6 % (63 of recipients) before transplantation were seropositive forVCAIgG and after transplantation, 96.9% (66 of them) were positive. 95.6% of recipients (65 of them) were seropositive for EBNAIgG before transplantation, while after transplantation the rate was 100% (all of the recipients). Active and secondary infection was detected in 65.8% of recipients (23 patients) receiving Cyclosporine, Prednisolone and Azatioprine and in 33.3 %of patients receiving Cyclosporine, Prednisolone and MMF and in 57.9 %of patients receivingCyclosporine and Prednisolone. During the first year after transplantation 19 of patients developed an acute rejection of which 6 (31.5%) had history of previous infection and the rest 13 (68.5%) were infected by active virus. On comparison of this group with those who did not develop acute rejection, there was no statistical significant relation between type of infection and the rate of the acute rejection. Although reactivated EBV was detected in 53.9 % of recipients (14 of them) who were treated by ALG, there was no statistical significant difference from those 27 recipients who did not get ALG. Conclusion: Just like other countries, this study indicates the activity pattern, in which this virus develops from hidden to active and then secondary during the time axis after transplantation. To determine the cause of reactivation of virus and secondary EBV, all related affecting factors such as ALG, acute rejection and immunosuppressive drugs were studied, but none of them played an effective role in reactivation of the virus

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Introduction: Substance abuse is a chronic phenomenon that affects mental and physical health and results in a lot of social, domestic and economic trauma. Methods: The samples included 80 addicts and 80 healthy individuals. The addicts were selected randomly from private and state remedy and rehabilitation centers of Zahedan city. Healthy individuals were matched with addicts in respect to age and sex and also selected randomly. Then, participants were assessed with The Spiritual Intelligence Self‐Report Inventory-24(SISI) and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ). The data was analyzed with Pearson correlation coefficient and t test for independent groups. Results: There were significant differences in SISI scores and GHQ scores. Addicts scored lower in two scales. There was a significant positive correlation between SISI scores and GHQ scores and subscales of GHQ (P< 0.01) in two groups. Substance abuse affects mental and physical health. Individuals with lesser spiritual intelligence levels are more prone to addiction and maybe with higher levels of spiritual intelligence, we can prevent individuals from addiction.

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Introduction: A growing body of evidence suggests that atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory process. The aim of this cross sectional investigation was to explore relationship between C - reactive protein (CRP) and severity of coronary artery occlusion (CAO). Methods: Patients with stable CAD but without left main artery lesion (n=165) were recruited from Talaghani hospital, Urmia University of Medical Sciences. Angiographic examination revealed 36 individuals with minimal CAO, 41 with one CAO, 41 with two CAO and 47 with three CAO. CRP was determined by high sensitive ELISA. All statistical analyses were performed using the SPSS statistical software (version 13.0). Results: Significant difference (p=0.007) was seen between CRP levels of minimal (1.2±1.2mg/l), 1VD (1.07±1.3 mg/l), 2VD (0.8±0.9 mg/l), and 3VD (1.8±1.7 mg/l) group. Conclusion: CRP constitutes a useful marker of CAD severity among patients with stable angina pectoris.

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Introduction: Recently, such alternative methods for tooth preparation as laser irradiation have been studied increasingly, though limited numbers of studies have been conducted in regard with primary teeth. Microleakage involves one of the prominent criteria in evaluating success of adhesive restorative materials. Therefore, the objective of this in vitro study was to compare marginal microleakage of three restorative materials in cl V cavities prepared by Er:YAG laser in primary teeth. Methods: Forty five primary canine teeth were randomly divided in 3 groups. Class V cavities were prepared via Er:YAG laser on buccal surface. The groups 1,2,3 were restored according to the manufacturer's instructions with resin-modified glass ionomer, composite resin and compomer respectively. Then all specimens were polished, thermocycled, and immersed in 2% methylene blue solution and sectioned buccolingually. The specimens were assessed under a stereomicroscope(X20). It should be noted that microleakage assessment was performed by two evaluators who were cognizant of micro leakage scoring (0 to 4). Moreover, the study data were analyzed by applying Exact-test. Results: The study results revealed no significant difference between microleakage of three groups (P-value =0.422) Conclusion: These three restorative materials(resin-modified glass ionomer, composite resin, compomer) were proved to be proper for restoring cl V cavities prepared by Er:YAG laser in primary teeth.

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Introdution: Since limited data are available in regard of the association between socioeconomic status (SES) and obesity among children, our aim was to examine the association between SES and obesity among children.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was done in Farokh Shahr among children aged 6-12y in 2009. 380 students were recruited through multi-stage cluster random sampling method from different districts. SES was defined through the questionnaire and participants were classified in to tertiles. Overweight/obesity and abdominal obesity were defined based on age- and sex-specific national cut-off points. Comparison of continuous and categorical variables was conducted by using independent samples’ t-test and Chi-square test, respectively. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to assess SES in relation to general and abdominal obesity in uni- and several multi-variable adjusted models. All statistical analyses were done using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS, version 15.0). P values less than 0.05 were considered as statistically significant.
Results: Comparing individuals in the highest versus lowest tertile of SES, there was no significant difference in waist circumference mean, but those in the middle tertile of SES had greater means of BMI after controlling for potential confounders (16.19±0.27 vs. 15.27±0.27 kg/m², P= 0.002). We observed a greater chance of being overweight/obese for those in the highest tertile of SES compared with the lowest tertile (OR: 4.00, 95% CI: 1.53-10.59, P_trend=0.004). No significant association was seen between SES and abdominal adiposity, either before or after controlling for potential confounders.
Conclusion: We found that children in the highest SES class had a greater chance of being overweight/obese than those in the lowest SES class.

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