Journal of

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Introduction: DNA extraction methods are very important for genetics research and diagnostic tests. In These methods are also important for detecting genetic diseases or in cancers for investigating genetic changes during cancer progression or treatment. Therefore, selection of the best method for DNA extraction from different samples such as bone marrow (BM) or peripheral blood (PB) and their slides is very important. Methods: In the present research, DNA was extracted from 5 different samples including 1-PB, 2-BM slides stained by Gimsa method, 3-Gimsa stained PB slides from archives, 4-new Gimsa stained PB slides and 5-non stained new PB slides by 3 different methods salting-out, boiling and phonal chloroform method. In all of the groups, three DNA parameters were investigated 1-OD (Optimal Density), 2-DNA concentration and 3-Outcome (PCR results). Results: The best DNA quality was achieved by salting-out method (OD=1.74), while the worst quality was by the boiling method (OD<1.0). The DNA quality of all the samples was similar in the salting-out and phenol chloroform methods. Regarding DNA quantity, the best result was from boiling method (6.7µg / ml). The least amount of DNA was obtained by the phenol chloroform method and salting-out method also resulted in the least quantity of extracted DNA. Regarding the outcome of DNA extraction or the PCR results, all the three methods showed 100% positive results for peripheral blood samples, while boiling method had the best outcome for BM slides, archive stained PB slides, new stained PB slides and non-stained PB slides (100%, 88%, 84% and 72% respectively). Discussion: The present research indicated that except non stained PB slides, the DNA extraction from all other samples showed very good results. In addition, the research showed that there is no difference in DNA extraction of new or archive slides.

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Introduction: Intellectual disability can affect all aspects of an individual's life. On the other hand, applying parenting educational programs has been associated with effective outcomes. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess the effectiveness of positive parenting program(Triple-P) on parental self-efficacy and mother-child interaction in children suffering from the intellectual disability. Methods: In the present study, pre-test, post-test design with a control group was used. Forty mothers of children suffering from intellectual disability were randomly selected from exceptional schools of Tehran province. They were randomly divided into experimental and control groups(20 per group). The former group participated in 10 training sessions of positive parenting program(twice a week each session lasted 60 minutes), whereas the latter group did not receive any specific training. The study data were gathered via parenting self-agency measure and parent-child relationship scale. Moreover, the data were analyzed using SPSS software(version 22) via multiple analysis of covariance. Results: The study results revealed a significant difference between experimental and control group at least in one of the scales of the parental self-adequacy or mother-child interaction. Furthermore, positive parental program training demonstrated a significant positive effect on parental self-efficacy and mother-child interaction. Conclusion: The findings of the present study proposed that as enhancing parenting skills leads to an increase in parental self-efficacy as well as mother-child interaction within children suffering from the intellectual disability, it seems essential to plan training the positive parenting program for mothers of such children.

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Introduction: Tissue engineering is the repair and replacement of damaged tissues and requires a combination of cells, growth factor and porous scaffolds. Scaffolds, as one of the main components in tissue engineering, are used as a template for tissue regeneration and induction and guidance of growth of the new and biologically active tissues. An ideal scaffold in tissue engineering, imitating an extracellular matrix, provides a suitable environment for adhesion, growth and cell proliferation. Scaffolds have also been used as the carriers for the controlled delivery of drugs and proteins. Variety of porous scaffolds, fabricated from biological and synthetic materials and using different manufacturing methods, have been introduced. Among them nanofibrous scaffolds have attracted great attention due to remarkable advantages including the highly porous three-dimensional structure with interconnected cavities which enable the transportation of food and waste materials, as well as high surface to volume ratio. So far, different methods and techniques have been introduced for production of scaffolds with structures similar to the extracellular matrix. Amongst them electrospinning, due to easiness and more control over effective parameters, are preferred. The present study make a review about the used materials and various methods of nanofibrous scaffold fabrication using electrospinning technology, with emphasis on the use of tissue engineering application. It also discussed about the progress and challenges ahead and the goals and perspective presented for this approach.
 

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