Journal of

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Introduction: As monoclonal antibodies are potential tools for characterization of soluble or cellular surface antigens, use of these proteins has always been considered in infertility and reproduction research. Therefore, in this study, monoclonal antibodies against human sperm surface antigens were produced. Material and Methods: To produce specific clones against human sperm surface antigens, proteins were extracted using solubilization methods. Balb/c mice were immunized intraperitoneally with the proteins using complete Freund’s adjuvant in the first injection and incomplete Adjuvant in the following booster injections. Hybridoma cells producing ASA were cloned by limiting dilution. Results: Five stable ASA producing hybridoma clones were achieved and their antibody isotypes were determined by ELISA. All the isotypes were of IgG class. Their cross reactivity with rat and mice spermatozoa was examined but they did not have any cross reactivity. Conclusion: The produced antibodies can be used in further studies to characterize and evaluate each of the antigens present on human sperm surface and determining their role in fertilization.

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Introduction: Determination of produced cytokines, especially interleukin 10, interleukin 12, interferon gamma and TNF-α is an important tool in the review of safety responses against inducers such as illnesses. The purpose of this study was to investigate the immune system status in patients with mycobacterium infections such as tuberculosis and non-tuberculosis as compared to healthy controls and find the relationship of these values with the diseases and their distribution. Methods: Blood sampling was performed on 87 infected patients with mycobacterium infection referring to the Mycobacteriology Research Center. Patients were divided into two groups of nontuberculosis mycobacterium (MOTT) (27 patients) and tuberculosis mycobacterium (60 patients). Also, 86 healthy controls were selected. Cytokines serum values were determined by ELISA test. Results: In this study, the control group included 86 people, the tuberculosis mycobacterium group included 60 people and the MOTT group included 27 people. IL-10and IFN-γ levels were significantly more in infected people with mycobacterium tuberculosis and mycobacterium nontuberculosis infection as compared to the healthy controls , whereas the difference in serum TNF-α and IL-12 levels was not statistically significant. Conclusion: According to the results obtained in this study, increased serum values of IL-10 and interferon gamma are related with disease progression, while IL-12 and α-TNF serum values are not affected significantly in disease.

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Introduction: Decrease in the rate of the growth and development embryos and their arrest in a certain developmental step e.g. two- Celll block, could be the reason of infertility in some couples reffering to fertility and infertility center. The aim of this study is the evaluation of the effect of strontium on growth and development of two-Celll arrested NMRI mouse embryos. Methods: Following superovulation, female mice were coupled with males and mice with positive vaginal plaque were killed 48 hours after HCG injection by cervical dislocation. Subsequently, two-Celll embryos were collected in RPMI(Roswell Park Memorial Institute) and were divided into 3 groups. The 1st group (control) were washed and incubated without any exposure in order to be cultured in M16 medium. The 2nd and 3rd groups were exposed to 4°C temperature for 24 hours. The 2nd group was incubated immediately, while the 3rd group was exposed to 10 mM strontium for 5 minutes before incubation. Results: The data analysis by one-way Anova showed that exposure to 4°C temperature caused a significant increase in degenerated embryos and a significant difference between groups(P=0.006). Our results showed that the mean percent of blastocyst formation(33.4%) and cleavage rate(45.2%) was decreased in 2nd group in comparison to 1st group(%77.7 versus 90.9%). Use of strontium in 3rd group didn’t have any effect on the cleavage rate(45.2% versus 45.5% in 3rd and 2nd groups, respectively), while the blastocyst formation rate was significantly increased in 3rd group(61%) comparing 2nd group(P=0.019). Conclusion: Developmental rate of arrested two-Celll mice embryos was significantly increased by strontium.

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Introduction: Teleworking is a kind of method in which works are performed utilizing telecommunicating tools time and location free. The current study aimed to have quick survey on merits and demerits of implementing teleworking project in Iran's governmental organizations. Furthermore, it intends to design a model for teleworking implementation in Ministry of Health and Medical Education (MoH&ME). Methods: This is a descriptive and analytical study and its variables are also qualitative. Since in this study no occupation in MoH & ME couldnot (1000 percent) be purely teleworked, a teleworking applicant form was devised as the research to be filled by teleworking appliers. Afterwards, their teleworking applicant form was evaluated having passed from the required filters, their teleworking would be accepted or rejected. Results: According to the duty description of MoH&ME's occupations, it was clarified that the only 78 out of 250 job positions could be done by teleworking provided the required conditions as well as the reconsideration of duty descriptions were satisfied. Indeed the study results regarding the job positions of Human Resource Management Office showed that from total of 46 job positions in this office, only 22% can be done through teleworking method. Regarding teleworking appliers charactristics in MoH&ME during 2 months period, 3% of MoH & ME personnel applied teleworking and within them, 27% were male and 77% were female. Conclusion: Implementation of teleworking could increase productivity, quality of work life and decrease costs and personnel transportation bulk, however for effective implementation, first jobs should be reconsidered, then necessary technical capacity and also motivated human resources should be provided, otherwise a disorder might occur in performing the affairs.

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Introduction: cardiac surgery by cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is performed accompanying with hypothermia. Measuring the body temperature during hypothermia is very important. The aim of this study was to compare esophageal, tympanic and rectal temperatures in pediatric patients below 12 years old undergoing open heart surgery. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional descriptive and analytic study. The sample consisted of 70 patients below 12 years old undergoing open heart surgery in Rajaee Heart Centre in Tehran. Esophageal, rectal and tympanic temperatures were measured by thermometer in three phases: before CPB, during CPB and after weaning of CPB. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS 16 software using paired T-test and ANOVA (Analysis of Variance). Results: The mean of body temperature was different in the three sites. The difference between right and left ear was not significant, but the difference between esophagus –rectum, esophagus-tympanum and rectum-tympanum was significant (P<0.001). All changes in four places showed that in hypothermia phase the reduction of temperature in ears was more than esophageal and rectal temperature, and in rectal, it was more than esophageal temperature. Conclusion: All sites are sensitive to changes of body temperature and they can show core temperature of body well, but since differences between all sites in four phases are not same, we cannot use just one of them to reach the temperature of other sites.

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Introduction: S. aureus, the second most common cause of nosocomial infections, is regarded as an important factor in the severe infections of the community. Methicillin-resistant strains of this bacterium involve a major pathogen which can cause disease and mortality in Iran and the world. Its treatment seems to be difficult due to the prevalence of resistance to most commonly-used antibiotics. In fact, methicillin -resistant strains need to be identified precisely and rapidly. Therefore, this study intended to assess the resistance to methicillin via the disk diffusion method and PCR for mecA gene. Methods: This study was conducted on 100 strains of Staphylococcus aureus collected from clinical various samples of Moheb and Milad hospitals in Tehran. Sensitivity to antibiotics was determined by the disk diffusion method and gene resistance (mecA) was examined by PCR method. Moreover, specific primers were explored and the results were compared. Results: The prevalence of methicillin-resistant strains by the disk diffusion method was 50% (n=50), whereas 74% (n=74) were determined to have mecA gene via PCR analysis. Out of these 100 samples, 61 samples belonged to Moheb hospital, among which 47.54% (n=29) were observed to be methicillin-resistant by disk diffusion method and 60.65% (n=37) via PCR method. Other 39 samples were obtained from Milad Hospital, of which 84/53% (n=21) demonstrated resistance to methicillin via disk diffusion and 87/94% (n=37) via PCR method. Conclusions: The study findings revealed that due to high prevalence of methicillin resistance, a quick and detailed identification method of MRSA is required. Since disk diffusion method proposes relatively high false-negative results and is observed to have a time-consuming nature, PCR can be taken in to consideration as the best method in order to identify methicillin-resistant strains.

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