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Introduction: In spite of increasing usage of metal nanoparticles, few studies have been conducted on their side effects, particularly under in-vivo conditions. Hence, the present study aimed to assess the effect of magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgONPS) on the liver and kidney function of rats in vivo Methods: Concentrations of 62.5, 125, 250 and 500 ppm of MgONPS (10-15 nm size) were intraperitoneally injected into rats, and then the liver and kidney function were investigated. Results: The study results revealed that MgONPS caused different changes in liver enzymes. In fact, the AST and ALP values were significantly increased compared with the control group, whereas the levels of ALT, Urea and Creatinine did not demonstrate any significant differences. In addition, no histological disorders were observed in the kidney tissue, in contrary to liver tissue in which some alternations were observed such as apoptosis and proliferation of small bile ductules indicating damage of tissue in expose of high doses of MgONPS. Conclusions: The study findings indicated that magnesium oxide nanoparticles in higher doses of 250 ppm can have toxic effects on the liver, therefore their toxicity should be considered, while applying them in different fields of industries.

Keywords: Kidney, Liver, Magnesium oxide, Nanoparticles, Serum parameters

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