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Introduction: NKG2D receptor is one of the activator receptors of immune cells. In humans, NKG2D gene has two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP)(rs1049174G>C). According to other studies, GG SNP makes a high affinity receptor for NKG2D ligands whereas, CC polymorphism reduces NKG2D affinity for their ligands. The present study investigates NKG2D SNPs in patients with breast cancer in Yazd for the first time. Methods: In this Case-Control study, 108 patients with breast cancer and 108 healthy women were selected from health Care centers of Yazd. Using specific NKG2D primers the gene proliferated and rs1049174G>C polymorphisms were determined by RFLP procedure. Results: according to our statistic analysis, frequency of CC and GG genotypes in the patients were 44.4% and 13% respectively whereas, in the healthy donors the frequency was 71.3% and 6.5%. The difference between the frequency in healthy and patient groups was significant. On the other hand, the frequency of GC genotype in patients was considerably higher than the healthy women (PV, 0.0001). When the relative risk in the patients was determined, it was revealed that women with CC genotype have more susceptibility for breast cancer in comparison with healthy women (CI=95%, 1.31-2.24, OD=1.7). Conclusion: The present study results showed that women with homozygote CC genotype have more chance of breast cancer in Yazd population.

Keywords: Breast Cancer; Immune Cell System; NKG2D; Polymorphism

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