Volume 34, Issue 5 (8-2026)
JSSU 2026, 34(5): 10235-10245 |
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Ethics code: IR.IAU.SHIRAZE.REC.1404.250
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Eskandari M, Moghadasi M, Azarnushan S. Study of Progressive Swimming Training along with Curcumin on Angiogenesis Markers in Lung Tissue in Mice Exposed to Benzo[A]Pyrene. JSSU 2026; 34 (5) :10235-10245
URL: http://jssu.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-6586-en.html
URL: http://jssu.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-6586-en.html
Abstract: (23 Views)
Introduction: Angiogenesis plays a crucial role in lung cancer progression by stimulating tumor growth, enhancing tumor invasion, contributing to metastasis, and modifying immune system responses within the tumor microenvironment. However, the effects of physical exercise and antioxidant consumption on the process of angiogenesis in lung cancer remain unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the study of progressive swimming training along with curcumin on angiogenesis markers in lung tissue in mice exposed to benzo[a]pyrene.
Methods: In this experimental study, 36 male BALB/c mice (aged 8 to 10 weeks) were randomly assigned to healthy (n=6) and experimental groups (n=30). Following the induction of lung cancer via an injection of 100 mg/kg of benzo[a]pyrene), the experimental group of mice were further subdivided into five equal groups (n=6 each): benzo[a]pyrene, sham, swimming training, curcumin, and combined training + curcumin. Mice in the training and combined training + curcumin groups underwent a 12-week swimming exercise protocol three times a week, following the principle of overload. Groups 4 and 5 received 100 mg/kg of curcumin intraperitoneally daily for 12 weeks. Forty-eight hours after the final training session, the gene expression levels of VEGF and ET-1 in lung tissue was measured using Real-Time PCR. Gene expression differences between study groups were compared using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA); where significant differences were observed, Tukey’s post-hoc test was employed to identify the specific differences. Additionally, the interactive effects of exercise and curcumin supplementation were examined using two-way ANOVA, followed by the Bonferroni post-hoc test. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software (version 16), with the threshold for statistical significance level set at p < 0.05.
Results: The results indicated that swimming training, curcumin supplementation, and the combined training + curcumin significantly reduced the expression of VEGF and ET-1 genes compared to the benzopyrene group (p<0.05), and the greatest reduction in the expression of VEGF and ET-1 genes was observed in the training + curcumin group (p<0.001).
Conclusion: Based on the obtained results, although swimming exercise and curcumin supplementation—when administered individually—reduce the expression of genes associated with lung tissue angiogenesis in benzo[a]pyrene-exposed mice, the combined use of curcumin and swimming exercise exerts a significantly greater inhibitory effect on the angiogenic process in the lung tissue of samples with lung cancer. Further studies are needed to generalize the results to human population.
Methods: In this experimental study, 36 male BALB/c mice (aged 8 to 10 weeks) were randomly assigned to healthy (n=6) and experimental groups (n=30). Following the induction of lung cancer via an injection of 100 mg/kg of benzo[a]pyrene), the experimental group of mice were further subdivided into five equal groups (n=6 each): benzo[a]pyrene, sham, swimming training, curcumin, and combined training + curcumin. Mice in the training and combined training + curcumin groups underwent a 12-week swimming exercise protocol three times a week, following the principle of overload. Groups 4 and 5 received 100 mg/kg of curcumin intraperitoneally daily for 12 weeks. Forty-eight hours after the final training session, the gene expression levels of VEGF and ET-1 in lung tissue was measured using Real-Time PCR. Gene expression differences between study groups were compared using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA); where significant differences were observed, Tukey’s post-hoc test was employed to identify the specific differences. Additionally, the interactive effects of exercise and curcumin supplementation were examined using two-way ANOVA, followed by the Bonferroni post-hoc test. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software (version 16), with the threshold for statistical significance level set at p < 0.05.
Results: The results indicated that swimming training, curcumin supplementation, and the combined training + curcumin significantly reduced the expression of VEGF and ET-1 genes compared to the benzopyrene group (p<0.05), and the greatest reduction in the expression of VEGF and ET-1 genes was observed in the training + curcumin group (p<0.001).
Conclusion: Based on the obtained results, although swimming exercise and curcumin supplementation—when administered individually—reduce the expression of genes associated with lung tissue angiogenesis in benzo[a]pyrene-exposed mice, the combined use of curcumin and swimming exercise exerts a significantly greater inhibitory effect on the angiogenic process in the lung tissue of samples with lung cancer. Further studies are needed to generalize the results to human population.
Type of Study: Original article |
Subject:
Exercise Physiology
Received: 2025/12/3 | Accepted: 2026/02/23 | Published: 2026/08/6
Received: 2025/12/3 | Accepted: 2026/02/23 | Published: 2026/08/6
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