20 2228-5741 Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences 1226 General Measurement of Levels of Ebstein-Barr Virus Antibodies in Patients with Hodgkins Lymphoma and Comparison with Normal Population Taghipour Sh Mortazavi-zadeh M 1 7 2004 12 2 3 8 06 12 2010 Introduction: Hodgkins lymphoma is a unique malignancy with unknown etiology .Curability and prognosis of Hodgkin,s disease (HD) depends on quickly early diagnosis .One of hypothesis proposed for the cause of this disease is Epstein- Barr virus infection and its activity in HD patients . Material and Methods:This case- control study was performed to determine the type and titers of antibodies against EBV capsid Antigens (Anti VCA IgM & IgG ) in HD patients as compared to the general population and its relation to age , sex , and subtype of Hodgkin. Thus, a fifty- person group of Hodgkin disease patients as the case group and a fifty – person group from the general population with the same age and sex characteristics as the control group were studied. Result: There was no significant difference for mean titer of IgM between two age ranges in each group of case and control. Also, there was statistically no significant difference between case and control groups ( P.Value=0.558 ).Most of the patients as well as non affected persons had negative IgM titers. Regarding IgG, there was statistically no significant difference between case and control groups for being either negative or positive, and most persons (92%) of each group and were positive for IgG, but mean titer of IgG was 2.87 mmol/lit in case group and 1.50 mmol/lit in control group , and this difference between two groups was statistically significant (Pvalue = 0.0001 ). Conclusion: High titer of Anti-VCA IgG in Hodgkin disease patients compared to general population as seen in this study can explain over activity of EBV in Hodgkin's disease patients and the probable role of EBV in establishment and/or activity of the disease.
1227 General Comparitive Study of Serum Leptin Levels in Diabetic Obese Patients and Non-Diabetic Obese Individuals Mohiti-Ardakani J Afkhami-Ardakani M Sedghi H 1 7 2004 12 2 9 14 06 12 2010 Introduction: Leptin was first discovered from the "Ob Gene" by Friedwan and co-workers in 1994. It is a small peptide with 167 amino acids and molecular weight of 16 Kd . It is secreted by adipose tissues. Leptin has two type of receptors in Hypothalamus and other tissues including muscles, liver and intestines. Leptin inhibits neuropeptide Y resulting in decreased appetite and on the other hand increases the basic metabolic rate of the body resulting in homeostasis of body energy. Insulin via the metabolic pathway plays a central role in regulation of energy in the body. Therefore, correlation between these two hormones in control of body energy is controversial. In this study, correlation of these two hormones in diabetes obese and non- diabetic obese individuals was evaluated. Method: 32 diabetic obese and 32 non- diabetic obese individuals with BMI> 30 kg/ m2 were selected. After fasting, blood levels of leptin, insulin and Hb A1C were measured. Results: The results indicate that blood leptin levels increase in both groups as compared to control group (lean individuals). The results also showed that there was a negative correlation between leptin and insulin in the diabetic obese group while this correlation was positive in the other group. Conclusion: These results indicate that these hormones control homeostasis of energy by different mechanisms. 1228 General Hemodynamic Changes in Blood Donors Sadr-Bafghi M Emami- Maibodi M Moddares-Mosadegh M Rafiei M Ahmadieh MH 1 7 2004 12 2 15 21 06 12 2010 Introduction: Everyday, millions of people around the world go through phlebotomy, either to donate blood or for therapeutic intention. The most important worrisome adverse effects are hemodynamic alterations. In this study, hemodynamic changes following blood donation were assessed. Methods & Materials: Three hundred laborers who donated blood voluntarily were enrolled in this study. Blood pressure (BP) and pulse rate were measured before the procedure, ten minutes afterwards, and one week following phlebotomy. Hemoglobin (Hgb) and hematocrit (Hct) were also determined prior to and one week after phlebotomy. Finally, results before and after donation were compared with each other. Results: 242 volunteers had normal BP and 58 were hypertensive. The mean systolic blood pressures (SBP) before phlebotomy, ten minutes after the procedure, and one week later were 120, 117, and 122 mmHg, respectively. During the same periods of time, the mean of diastolic blood pressures (DBP) were 77 , 78 and 78 mmHg , in order , while pulse rates on average were 80 , 82 and 76 beats/minute . None of the aforementioned changes were clinically significant. After one week, Hgb decreased by about 0.3 g/dl (P<0.001) and Hct declined on average of 1.7 (P<0.001). Forty six individuals had high DBP and one week after donation, their DBP was reduced by 7 mmHg. Age, body mass index and smoking did not have any significant effect on hemodynamic status. Conclusion: Hemodynamic changes in healthy blood donors were not clinically significant. It seems that DBP drops desirably in hypertensive individuals. This needs to be evaluated more carefully in future studies. 1229 General Study of Cancelled Elective Surgical Operations Zare M Amrollahi M 1 7 2004 12 2 22 28 06 12 2010 Introduction: Cancellation of an elective operation is a very important problem, which is the cause for different types of stresses for patients and their families and results in loss of significant amount of time, money and hospital resources. Therefore, finding the main causes of operation postponement may help us to understand and reduce these problems. Material & Method: A special questionnaire was designed to gather information about different causes of operation cancellation and filled from October 23rd (Aban 1st) till November 21st (Azar 30 th), 2001 (1380) in all of the teaching hospitals of Yazd university. (S.Dr Rahnemoon, Afshar, Rah Ahan, Bahman and Savaneg Sukhteghy) Results were statistically evaluated.. Results: 180 of the 31437 scheduled operations had been cancelled (12.52%) Majority of cases (33.3%) had been cancelled due to the absence of the surgeons. This group ((Surgeons absent)) was the most common cause for the postponement of operations (36.7%). The secondary cause of cancellations was related to anesthetic team and operating room problems (25%), the patient’s reasons for cancellation was 16.2% and the most minimal cause of cancellation was insufficient hospital revenue (0.5%). The basis of disease or high risk patients for operation were the main causes of dysfunction of the anesthetic team (68.9%) and also the first cause of cancellation. The rate of cancellation was the most in the "older than 60 years" age group. (15.4%) The cancellation in women was 12.6% and in males 12.5%. Conclusion: Surgeons schedule more patients keeping in mind cancellations which occur regularly due to patients, hospital, anesthesia, and operating room problems. This over scheduling is a problem itself, so preadmission evaluation clinics are recommended to decrease the rate of cancellations thereby saving the socioeconomic resources and decreasing patient’s stress. 1230 General A Study of Bone Density of Scleroderma Patients and Comparison with Control Group in Khuzestan Province since in the Last Three Years Mowla K Hadian B 1 7 2004 12 2 29 32 06 12 2010 Introduction: Systemic Sclerosis is a chronic, multisystem disorder of unknown etiology, characterized clinically by thickening of the skin caused by accumulation of connective tissue, and by involvement of visceral organs, such as GI tract, lung, heart, kidney and musculoskeletal system. Osteoporosis is a complication of this disease that was evaluated in this study. Material and Methods: This study was conducted to estimate the density of lumbar spine (L2-L4) and femoral neck among the patients with scleroderma and control group. On the basis of physical examination and history, none of the control group had risk factor for osteoporosis. 55 scleroderma female patients (mean age 39/09) were selected randomly and 56 healthy females (mean age 31/51) were selected as the control group. We measured bone mineral density (BMD) with dual energy x ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Results: The mean BMD of lumbar spine (L2-L4) was 0/79 gr/cm2compared to mean of 0/93 gr/cm2of the control group. The mean of femoral neck BMD was 1/02 gr/cm2compared to mean of control group with 1/15 gr/cm2. Both results were significant (P<0.05). Conclusion:The result of this study showed reduction of femoral neck & lumbar spine (L2-L4) BMD and this reduction was more significant in the lumbar spine (L2-L4). 1231 General Detection of Antibodies against Hydatid Cyst Fluid Antigens Using Immunoblot Technique Ghaffari-Far F Dalimi Asl A Zavvaran Hosseini A Jalosian F 1 7 2004 12 2 33 38 06 12 2010 Introduction: Immunoblot is recognized as a sensitive and specific serological method for diagnosis of human hydatidosis. To analyze the reactivity of hydatid patients sera with the subunits of 2 major hydatid cyst fluid antigens, ( 5 and B ) immunoblot method was used. Material & Methods:In this regard, 100 sera ,of which 40 sera from patients with surgically diagnosed hydatidosis, 20 sera from patients with parasitic disease other than hydatidosis, 20 sera from patients other than parasitic disease, and 20 sera from healthy controls were examined. Results: For 3 subunits of Ag B (12, 16, 20 kD) the sensitivities were 92.5%, 84.5% and 87.5% respectively and their specificity for all of the 3 subunits was 100%. For 2 subunits of Ag 5, (55, 65 kD) the sensitivity was 100% and the specificities were 100% and 90% respectively . Conclusion: The results indicated that the best subunit for hydatidosis diagnosis is the 55 kD subunit of Ag 5. Meanwhile, a lower reactivity (84.5% of all hydatid sera) was observed with 16 kD subunits of Ag B. 1233 General Investigation of Stress Induced Analgesia with or Without Cck Receptor Agonists and Antagonists in Mice Suffering from Neuropathic Pain Using Hot Plate Test Mesdaghinia A Samiee F 1 7 2004 12 2 39 47 06 12 2010 Introduction: Recent studies have shown that cold water swimming stress (CWSS) produces analgesia. Although exact mechanism of the analgesia is until unclear, it may attributed to CCK receptors. On the other hand, the effectiveness of analgesic drugs for treatment of neuropathic pain is limited. In the present study, the effects of CCK receptor agonist caerulein and antagonist proglumide , both alone and together on the CWSS- induced analgesia was investigated and compared in normal mice and those whose sciatic nerve was ligated. Material & Methods: In this research, fifty groups of nine male albino mice were used. As a model of neuropathy, the unilateral nerve ligation was made by a surgical procedure on the right hind limb. Pain sensitivity was measured by the hot plate test. Results: Different CWSS regimes (0.5-3 min) induced time-dependent analgesia. Nerve ligation did not alter the CWSS induced analgesia. Caerulein (0.025, 0.05 and 0.1 mg/kg) induced analgesia in both nerve ligated and intact animals. Different doses of proglumide (20, 40 and 60 mg/kg) alone produced analgesic effect. The response of caerulein was not inhibited by proglumide. In the stressed mice, both drugs and the combination of them showed analgesia but there appeared to be no potentiation in CWSS- induced analgesia. Our results indicate no significant relationship between CCK receptors and the CWSS- induced analgesia. Conclusion: Nevertheless, CWSS as an alternative to drug treatment in neuropathic pain requires more studies. 1234 General Study of the Histological & Biochemical Effects of Hypothermia in Liver of Rats Taghipour-Shoul Z Solaimani-Rad J Rahimipour A 1 7 2004 12 2 48 55 06 12 2010 Introduction: Hypothermia is used as an adjunct in surgery of different organs including heart, liver, brain and thyroid .It can be produced by different techniques such as superficial cooling ,cooling of blood and pharmacological cooling . Hypothermia has several effects on function of different organs and tissues including heart, lung ,liver, brain ,thyroid and vascular system .In this study, the histological and biochemical effects of hypothermia on liver in rats have been investigated . Materials & Methods : This study was an intervention experimental study . Results: Superficial hypothermia was produced with the aid of hypothermia system by placing rats in it . Wistar rats were chosen as an animal model. Rats were anesthetized using 10% Hydrate chloral and placed in very deep hypothermia (20c1) for 4.5 hours. In the first group, blood sampling was carried out immediately after the hypothermia period. In the second, blood sampling and specimens were obtained 24h later. The histological studies of the liver showed that the nuclei of hepatocytes had become vesicular and the sinusoidal spaces were decreased. The serum levels of GPT were increased in the first group. But the serum levels of GOT were increased in both groups. Conclusion: The results indicate histological and biochemical effects of hypothermia on liver. It appears that the vascular changes induced by hypoxia are responsible for the effects of hypothermia. 1235 General The Role of Peripheral Natural Killer Cells in Recurrent Spontaneous Abortions Hadi-Nodoushan H MirAhmadian M Aflatoonian A Akbari-Asbagh F 1 7 2004 12 2 53 59 06 12 2010 Introduction: Recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) is defined as three or more consecutive miscarriages, which affects 0.8 to 1% of pregnant women. Despite several well-established etiologic factors, the cause of RSA cannot be determined in almost 60% of the cases. It has been postulated that a part of these repeated pregnancy losses might be due to immune causes. Material and Methods: In the present case control study using flowcytometry, peripheral NK cytotoxicity was compared in three different groups. 21 women with history of RSA at the time of 3rd or higher abortion (Group I), 32 women with history of three or more previous abortions and at least three months had lapsed since the last abortion (Group II) and 32 pregnant women with no history of abortion and at least one successful pregnancy (Group III) were studied. Results: Group I and Group II showed significantly higher NK cytotoxicity than Group III in all of the effect to target (E: T) ratios (P≤0.045 and P≤0.002 respectively). NK cytotoxicity was similar in groups I and II. There were no significant correlation between the number of abortions, age and NK cytotoxicity. Conclusion: The results indicate an increased peripheral NK cell cytotoxicity in RSA groups as compared to pregnant control. NK cell cytotoxicity may be considered as a risk factor for RSA and for maintaining normal pregnancy, NK cell cytotoxicity may be down-regulated. Peripheral NK cytotoxicity is not elevated during first trimester in RSA women. It is suggested that detection of NK cytotoxicity in RSA women should be performed as a routine. 1236 General Effects of Macronutrients on Cardiovascular Responses in Type 2 Diabetics and Healthy Subjects Kaseb F Soltani MH Kimiagar M Hoseini M 1 7 2004 12 2 60 67 06 12 2010 Introduction: It is felt that there is an information void regarding the effect of macronutrients on cardiovascular responses such as cardiac output,heart rate,stroke volume,systolic blood pressure,diastolic blood pressure and mean arterial pressure, therefore, this study was designed to explore these effects at Shaheed Beheshti University in 2001. Materials & Methods: This clinical trial was carried out on 10 healthy subjects and 15 type 2 diabetics. Cardiovascular responses defined before and 15,30,60,90 and 120 minutes after the intake of wheat starch,sodium caseinat and olive oil. The calorie level was 10 kcal per kg of ideal body weight. Statistical analyses were done by analysis of variance with repeated measures, independent - t test and dependent- t test. Results : The age of healthy subjects (4 women ,6men)was 36.6±5.8(mean±SD)yr,body mass index was 24±1.2Kg/m² , age for the type 2 diabetics (4 women ,11men)was 38.9±5.2(mean ±SD )yr , body mass index was 24±1.6Kg/m². In healthy subjects, macronutrients caused marked and gradually developing postprandial increases in cardiac output, while in type 2 diabetics,cardiac output had no changes. In healthy subjects, systolic blood pressure and mean arterial pressure rose after the ingestion of macronutrients (P<0.05). In type 2 diabetics after the ingestion of macronutrients there was a fall in systolic blood pressure and mean arterial pressure(P<0.05).In both groups, diastolic blood pressure showed no changes . Conclusion: There were considerable differences in the speed of development and the pattern of the cardiovascular responses between type 2 diabetics and healthy subjects (P<0.05).Finally we conclude that diabetes in the early stages probably involves the cardiovascular system. 1237 General Study of the Prevalence of Endemic Goiter and Its Relation with Urinary Iodine and Thyroid Hormonal Levels in 6-18 Year Old School Children in Rafsanjan in 2000 Asadi Karam GR Sajadi M Sheykh Fatollahee M Zangiabadi AH Naeimi L Mahmoodi M 1 7 2004 12 2 68 72 06 12 2010 Introduction: Endemic goiter due to iodine deficiency is one of the health problems in the developing countries. Material & Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 109 schoolboys and 92 schoolgirls, aged between 6 and 18 years in Rafsanjan city were selected randomly by proportionate-multistage cluster sampling method. All the students underwent clinical examination for presence of goiter according to criteria recommended by WHO, and urinary iodine excretion, T4, FTI and TSH were measured. Results: The point Prevalence rate of goiter in boys and girls were 71.6% and 55.6%, respectively. Prevalence rates of Grade I and II were 51.3% and 12.9%, respectively. Urinary iodine excretion was normal in 68.1% (>10 μg/dl) mild in 30.6% (5-9.9 μg/dl) and moderate in 1.3% (2.1-4.9 μg/dl). Of 68.1% of schoolchildren with normal urinary iodine, 56.9% showed different grades of goiter. There was no relation between goiter stages and urinary iodine deficiency (P>0.05). T4, FTI and TSH in 96% of schoolchildren were normal. In 3%, TSH levels were more than the normal range (>3.5 μU/ml) and in 1%, T4 concentration was less than the normal range (0.05). Conclusion: With respect to the fact that urinary iodine levels were normal in 68.1% of the students and thyroid parameters were normal in 94% of the subjects, the very high prevalence rate of goiter in the city of Rafsanjan seems to be due to certain unknown etiological factors which needs further studies 1238 General The Long Term Effects of Chronic Spinal Cord Injury on Sperm Parameters in Rats Abbasi Sarchashmeh AG Khalili MA Anvari M 1 7 2004 12 2 73 79 06 12 2010 Introduction: Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a serious public health problem which seriously affects the victim, family, and even the society. Research studies have shown that 80% of SCI victims are men. In recent years, there have been extensive research works on the effect of SCI (acute and/or chronic) on fertility potential of sperm and spermatogenesis in laboratory animals. SCI may disturb the spermatogenic cell lines in laboratory animals. The objective of this experimental study was to investigate the effect of chronic spinal cord injury (CSCI) on sperm parameters in adult rats. Materials & Methods: Adult Wistar rats weighing between 225-275g were divided into 3groups of control (n=5), sham (n=10), and experimental CSCI (n=10). No surgery was done on control animals. Only laminectomy was done in the sham animals at T10. CSCI was developed in experimental rats using 10g weight dropped 5cm above the exposed T10 level. All animals were sacrificed 50 days post experiment to extract epididymal samples. Sperm parameters of count, motility, morphology, as well as number of round cells were evaluated with the aid of Makler chamber and Geimsa staining. Results: Progressive motility was significantly reduced in CSCI group (P<0.05). The percentage of normal morphology of spermatozoa was 99.0±1.0 in control rats which was significantly reduced to 74.90±37.64 in CSCI animals In addition, sperm counts in control and CSCI rats were 69.20±12.43 and 25.0±13.68, respectively (P<0.01). Round cell concentration was increased in CSCI group as compared to controls. Conclusion: The results suggest that reduction in parameters of progressive motility, morphology, as well as sperm count following CSCI in rats may disturb the fertility potential of spermatozoa. 1239 General Study of the Effect of the Cytotoxic Extract of Bacterium Streptomyces on Epidermoid Malignant Cells of the Oral Cavity Safaiean Sh Asmar M Farahmand M 1 7 2004 12 2 80 86 06 12 2010 Introduction: It is well known that marine microorganisms have been recognized as an important and untapped resource for novel bioactive compounds. Actinomycetes are gram positive bacteria showing a filamentous growth. They are a group of organisms widespread in nature and play a significant role in the future of drug development. Materials & Methods : Marine bacteria strains of Streptomyces griscoloalbus were isolated from soft coral Sinularia erecta in Persian Gulf. Growth and fermentation character of the Streptomyces griscoloalbus were estimated. Cytotoxic activity of fermentation medium was tested by brine shrimp bioassay. Semi purification on the culture extract was performed. Results: Toxic extract was applied on KB cells ( human epidermoid carcinoma of mouth ) and results of neutral red test were IC50= 4.19 g/ml from acetone extract and IC 50 = 44.97 g/ml. For methanol extract, cytotologic effects of the acetone extract on KB cells was studied and morphological changes were also studied. Conclusion:The morphological changes in Kb cells due to the cytotoxic extract of the bacteria has made it a good candidate for the production of cytotoxic drugs in the future. 1240 General Familial Aggrigation of Fmr and Bechet, S Diseases in Their Mother Owlia MB Alishiri GH Bahrami-Ahmadi A Shakeri J 1 7 2004 12 2 87 90 06 12 2010 Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is a hereditary condition which is characterized by recurrent episodes of fever and abdominal pain. On the other hand, Behcet`s disease (BD) is an immune mediated condition typified by recurrent oral aphthous lesions, inflammatory eye disease and multiple organ involvement. Association of these two conditions is rare. We present a pair of twins with FMF and BD in their mother. 1232 General Heratian M 1 7 2004 12 2 91 101 06 12 2010 1241 General Modares-mosadegh M Sadr-bafghi M Navabpour A 1 7 2004 12 2 101 113 06 12 2010