20 2228-5741 Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences 6285 Microbiology Treatment of Rhodococcus Infections Fatahi Bafghi Mehdi b Zandi Hengameh c Sadeh Maryam d b Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. c Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. d Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. 1 11 2024 32 8 8080 8084 24 09 2024 06 10 2024 Introduction: The genus Rhodococcus, first described by Zopf in 1891, comprises 56 species with validly published names. This bacterium belongs to the phylum Actinobacteria, class Actinobacteria, order Mycobacteriales, and family Nocardiaceae. Notable characteristics of this bacterial genus include: Gram-positive, partially acid-fast positive, catalase-positive, non-spore-forming, and non-motile. The use of molecular methods such as 16S rRNA gene sequencing, along with phenotypic methods, has been suggested for the identification of this bacterium. To date, nine species of the genus Rhodococcus have been reported from clinical specimens. Currently, microbroth dilution is the standard method for assessing the antibiotic susceptibility testing of Rhodococcus species. The pattern of antibiotic resistance in Rhodococcus species varies based on geographical region, and it is recommended that antibiotic susceptibility testing be performed for clinical isolates.  
6184 other Medicinal Cannabis in Reducing Physical and Psychological Problems Caused by Chemotherapy and Intestinal Inflammation; Advantages and Challenges (A Review) Esmaeili Razieh e Rostami Reza f e Department of Psychology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. f Department of Psychology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. 1 11 2024 32 8 8085 8099 16 03 2024 03 07 2024 Introduction: A key trigger for many of the complications that are symptoms of cancer types is changes in the gastrointestinal environment, which is a major obstacle in the way of managing side effects. The purpose of this research was to investigate the benefits and challenges of using medicinal cannabis in reducing physical and psychological problems caused by chemotherapy and intestinal inflammation as a review study. Methods: In this review study, a comprehensive search in English was conducted in reputable scientific databases such as PubMed, ProQuest, Google, Google Scholar, Scopus, Web of Science, and CINAHL from 2019 to 2023, using a combination of keywords to find relevant sources and studies. . Based on the established inclusion and exclusion criteria, and the removal of duplicate studies, texts relevant to the objectives of this study were extracted from a total of 81 reviewed articles. Results: The studies reviewed showed that the breakdown of the mucosal barrier (mucositis) was a common and primary side effect of cancer treatments, contributed to a wide range of severe physical and psychological symptoms such as diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, infection, malnutrition, fatigue, depression, and insomnia, for which medical cannabis may be effective in alleviating these symptoms. Conclusion: Considering the potential challenges and benefits of medicinal cannabis in reducing physical and psychological problems caused by chemotherapy and intestinal inflammation, it is necessary to investigate more research in this field and if more clinical evidence is confirmed, medicinal cannabis can be used as a treatment.   6250 Nutrition Relationship between Low Carbohydrate Diet and Postpartum Anxiety and Depression: Iranian Maternal and Child Health Cohort Study Najafi Kobra g Mozaffari-Khosravi Hassan h Hosseinzadeh Mahdieh i g Department of Nutrition, International Campus of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran h Research Center for Food Hygiene and Safety, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. i Research Center for Food Hygiene and Safety, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. 1 11 2024 32 8 8100 8117 20 07 2024 08 09 2024 Introduction: Postpartum depression, a form of depression, is a relatively common but serious medical condition that occurs following the birth of a baby. This study aimed to determine the relationship between the carbohydrate diet and the occurrence of anxiety and postpartum depression symptoms in women participating in the initial phase of the Maternal and Child Health Cohort Study, Yazd, Iran. Methods: This study was conducted on the data of 1028 pregnant women from the Yazd Maternal and Child Health Cohort Study. The study tools were food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and postpartum depression questionnaire. Data related to dietary intake at the beginning of the study were collected in the first visit after pregnancy diagnosis and data related to depression in the second month after delivery. Carbohydrate intake score was calculated for each person according to summing up assigned scores to deciles of percentages of energy from macronutrients. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate the odds ratio (ORs) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of postpartum depression and anxiety across quartiles of low carbohydrate diet scores. Results: Based on the multivariable-adjusted model, there was no significant association between low carbohydrate diet score and odds of postpartum depression (P=0.08). However, multivariable-adjusted model significantly indicated an association between low carbohydrate diet score in second tertile and the odds of postpartum anxiety (P=0.02) (OR: 0.36, 95% CI: 0.15-0.86). Conclusion: After adjusting the confounders, women in the second tertile of low carbohydrate diet score might have 64% lower chance of depression versus those in the first quartile. While low or high carbohydrate intake does not affect postpartum anxiety and depression, moderate carbohydrate intake might be anxiety protective.   6182 Microbiology Studying the Antimicrobial Effects of Silver Nanoparticles Coated with Alginate Biosynthesized by Dulcicalothrix alborzica Nowruzi Bahareh j Beyranvand Hassan k j Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Converging Sciences and Technologies, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran. k Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Converging Sciences and Technologies, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran. 1 11 2024 32 8 8118 8140 02 03 2024 22 07 2024 Introduction: Nowadays, Cyanobacteria are one of the important candidates in the green biosynthesis of nanoparticles. Considering the detrimental effects of chemically synthesized nanoparticles, the aim of this study was the biosynthesis and antimicrobial activity of nanoparticles by aquatic cyanobacterium. Methods: Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were biosynthesized using three different approaches: wet biomass, boiling, and extracellular polysaccharides (EPS). Alginate coating was employed to enhance the nanoparticles' stability. Characterization of the nanoparticles was performed using UV-vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and zeta potential measurements. The antimicrobial properties of the nanoparticles were evaluated against fish pathogenic bacteria and fungi. Statistical analyzes were performed with SPSS version 16 software, and the significant difference between the means was performed with one-way analysis of variance with 95% confidence limits and Tukey's test, and the results were drawn as a graph with Excel software. Results: The UV-vis spectroscopy results confirmed the synthesis of AgNPs in all three methods. FTIR analysis revealed similar spectra for all three methods, indicating comparable purity and production of similar compounds. Electron microscope images showed the sphericity of nanoparticles prepared by boiling method, and the average diameter of uncoated and alginate coated nanoparticles was 38 and 180.04 nm, respectively. Zeta potential analysis indicated a positive surface charge on the nanoparticles. The highest zone of inhibition was observed for AgNPs synthesized by the boiling method and coated with alginate. Similar results were obtained for the antifungal activity, with Saprolegnia exhibiting higher sensitivity to the synthesized nanoparticles compared to the other species studied. Conclusion: The novel strain Dulcicalothrix alborzica demonstrated potential as a potent producer of AgNPs with unique properties and promising applications in microbial biotechnology.   6215 Microbiology Evaluation the Expression Level of inlB and Cell Invasion in Listeria monocytogenes Isolated from Pregnant Women Zahirnia Zahra l Mansouri Shahla m Saffari Fereshteh n l Department of Medical Microbiology (Bacteriology and Virology), Afzalipour Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. m Department of Medical Microbiology (Bacteriology and Virology), Afzalipour Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. n Mycology and Bacteriology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. 1 11 2024 32 8 8141 8149 19 05 2024 22 07 2024 Introduction: Listeria monocytogenes is known as a potentially pathogen, which can cause perinatal listeriosis, results in abortion, stillbirth or premature birth. Different factors are involved in the pathogenesis, including internalin B, which mediates the internalization of bacteria into a broad range of cell lines. However, it is not clear if expression of this protein is the same between different isolates. Methods: This study was conducted with the aim to compare L. monocytogenes isolated from pregnant women (n= 7) with different pregnancy outcomes (including healthy birth, still birth or blindness) and with abortion (n= 1), regarding expression level of inlB (internalin B encoding gene) and cell invasion. Results: Despite overexpression of inlB in most of the isolates, there was heterogeneity in the expression level between different isolates and no significant association with cell invasion and/ or pregnancy outcome was found (P> 0.05). About half of the studied isolates were able to invade HepG2 cells, while invasion to HeLa cells (cervix carcinoma cell line) was found only in one isolate. However, the difference was not significant. Likewise, no meaningful association was found between cell invasion and pregnancy outcomes. Conclusion: The expression level of inlB and cell invasion, cannot explain the difference of isolates in pathogenicity. Further studies are needed to identify bacterial and possibly host determinants.   6197 Pediatrics Spirometry Results in Children over Five Years Old with COVID-19 at Least Six Months after Discharge Ashtari-Nejad Mahsa o Karimi Mehran p Ferdosian Farzad Shamsi Farimah Jafari Nodoushan Abdolhamid o Children Growth Disorder Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. p Children Growth Disorder Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. Children Growth Disorder Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. Center for Healthcare Data Modeling, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. Children Growth Disorder Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. 1 11 2024 32 8 8150 8159 15 04 2024 05 11 2024 Introduction: Since it is necessary to detect changes in lung function for the follow-up of the patients with respiratory and functional complications caused by COVID-19, in this study, we decided to examine the results of spirometry in children over 5 years old with Covid-19. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 52 over-five-year-old children, hospitalized due to COVID-19 for at least six past months, were examined. The participants’ demographic information, respiratory symptoms, underlying diseases, severity of COVID-19 according to WHO, severity of lung involvement in CT scan, type of lung involvement, oxygen saturation at admission as well as FEV1, FVC, and FEV1/FVC were collected and analyzed, the results were analyzed using SPSS version 16 software and t-test and Chi-square tests. Results: Of all investigated patientsŲŒ, 26 were boys (50%) and 38 (73.1%) were 5-12 years old. The minimum age of the children was 5 years and the maximum was 18 years. The mean age of children was 3.41±10 years. The FEV1/FVC ranged from 61% to 79% in five patients (9.6%) and from 80% to 100% in 47 patients (90.4%). The FEV1 was lower than 80% in 28 and higher than 80% in 24 patients. FEV1/FVC had no significant relationship with the participants’ age, gender, clinical manifestations, and disease severity in terms of pulmonary involvement, but it had a significant association with blood oxygen saturation level (P: 0.001). Conclusion: The changes in pulmonary function tests vary in different months following contamination with COVID-19. In the present study, 9% of the patients, who were examined in the sixth month after infection, had abnormal pulmonary function test results. Based on the findings, the pulmonary function test results had no significant relationship with the patients’ age, gender, and clinical symptoms, while it was significantly associated with their blood oxygen saturation intensity.   6248 Psychology Mediating Role of Self-Criticism in the Relationship between Fear of Negative Evaluation and Self-Compassion with Social Anxiety in Yazd Medical Students Shomali Ahmadabadi Mehdi Zabihi Mohsen Khodarahmi Ali Barkhordari Ahmadabadi Atefeh Education Department, Ardakan, Yazd, Iran. Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. Azad University, Isfahan Branch (Khorasgan), Isfahan, Iran. 1 11 2024 32 8 8160 8172 20 07 2024 08 09 2024 Introduction: Social anxiety is characterized by marked anxiety, cognitive and emotional dysfunction in social situations and can lead to social avoidance behavior. The purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating role of self-criticism in the relationship between the fear of negative evaluation and self-compassion with social anxiety in Yazd medical students. Methods: A correlational research study was conducted using structural equation modeling. The statistical population of the research consisted of all students of medicine, pharmacy and dentistry of Shahid Sadougi University of Medical Sciences in Yazd in the academic year of 2021-2022. The sample size of 250 people was determined; sampling was done by voluntary sampling method. Research instruments included social anxiety scale (Jarabek, 1996), fear of negative evaluation (Leary, 1983), short form of self-compassion (Rees et al., 2011) and self-criticism (Thompson and Zaroff, 2004), which were published online. Finally, the data of 227 students were analyzed by Pearson correlation and structural equation model using SPSS16 and Amos24 software. Results: The results showed that the direct effect of fear of negative evaluation and self-criticism on social anxiety was significant (P<0.001) the direct effect of self-compassion on students' social anxiety was insignificant (P<0.05) and the direct effect of fear of negative evaluation and self-compassion on self-criticism was also significant (P<0.001). Similarly, the bootstrap results showed that the effect of fear of negative evaluation and self-compassion on social anxiety through self-criticism was significant (P<0.001). Conclusion: Fear of negative evaluation significantly influences social anxiety, highlighting self-criticism's mediating role in this relationship.   6230 Exercise Physiology Effect of Moderate Intensity Interval Training on the Expression of Genes Related to Necroptosis of Heart Tissue in Male Heart Attack Model Rats Rostami Negar Afroundeh Roghayyeh Seifi-skishahr Farnaz Pourrahim houroghchi Ameneh Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran. Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran. Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran. Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran. 1 11 2024 32 8 8173 8186 24 06 2024 08 09 2024 Introduction: Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury is a set of cellular and molecular patho-mechanisms that lead to the death of living cardiomyocytes and compromised cardiac function. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of moderate intensity interval training on the expression of RIPK-1, RIPK-3 and MLKL genes in the heart of male heart attack model rats. Methods: In this experimental study, thirty 16-week-old male Wistar rats weighing 220 to 280 gr were randomly divided into three groups: control (healthy), myocardial infarction (MI), and moderate intensity interval training. Myocardial infarction was performed by direct intervention with occlusion in the left anterior descending artery (LAD) for 30 minutes. Interval training protocol was performed three days a week, for 8 weeks, with moderate intensity of 60 minutes of interval running on a treadmill, each interval including 4 minutes of running with an intensity of 65-70% of VO2max and 2 minutes of active recovery with an intensity of 50-60% of VO2max. qRT-PCR method was used to check the gene expression of research variables. Data were compared using SPSS software version 16, one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc test at a significance level of p<0.05. Results: The expression of cardiac RIPK-1, RIPK-3 and MLKL genes were higher in the MI group compared to the control group; however, moderate intensity interval training decreased the expression of RIPK-1, RIPK-3 and MLKL genes compared to the MI group (p=0.001 and p=0.006, respectively). Conclusion: The results of the research showed that myocardial infarction is associated with the activation of the necroptosis cell death pathway, likewise, interval training with moderate intensity has an effect on reducing the expression of necroptosis genes (RIPK1, RIPK3, and MLKL). However, due to the lack of evidences and limitations of research, it still needs more investigations.