20 2228-5741 Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences 6060 other Damages of Freezing on the Development of Oocyte and Embryos Shayegh Pegah b Rahmati Fatemeh c Baniasadi Farzaneh d Jangkhah Meisam e Rajabimaham Hasan f Ghalamboran Mohammad Reza g Fathi Rouhollah h b Department of Embryology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran. c Department of Embryology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran. d Department of Embryology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran. e Department of Embryology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran. f Department of Animal Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran. g Plant Sciences and Biotechnology Department, Life Sciences and Biotechnology School, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran. h Department of Embryology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran. 1 8 2024 32 5 7785 7802 12 08 2023 26 11 2023 Introduction: To assist save endangered species from extinction and to aid in their care, it is crucial to sustaining their reproductive capacity. The fetus's life and growth processes begin at conception and proceed in accordance with a biological clock's timing. With today's understanding through cryobiology, observing scientific ethics problems and interfering with the clock's operation by stopping its biological time is possible. Practically, it is accomplished by storing the cell at -196 °C, or the temperature of liquid nitrogen, where all metabolic activity ceases. Since 200 years ago, germ cell preservation has been a common practice. Since then, there have been many improvements, particularly for at-risk women. Since then, significant progress has been achieved, and several freezing techniques are being used to preserve ovarian tissue, follicles, and oocytes in women who are at risk of infertility. Different approaches have different levels of success. Among preservation techniques, vitrification performs better and is used more frequently. The cellular configuration of the mammalian oocyte is intricate. This cell's constituent parts are particularly sensitive to osmosis and variations in temperature. For instance, the alterations to the cell membrane that occur during maturation, in vitro fertilization, and the differential between the permeability of water and cryoprotectants can all be mentioned. Oocyte freezing results in a variety of impairments, including a reduction in the quality and viability of cells after thawing. Conclusion:Recent studies are looking for ways to enhance freezing procedures and raise the caliber of frozen oocytes. The favorable or negative effects of freezing on the oocyte and its potential, or embryo development, are the subject of this review article.  
6155 Biochemistry Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms: A Deep Consideration of Protein Sequence Variation Marzban Sarnaghi Majid i Farzad Deniz j Gholikhani Darbroud Reza k Gholinejad Zafar l i Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Urmia Branch, Islamic Azad University, Urmia, Iran. j Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Urmia Branch, Islamic Azad University, Urmia, Iran. k Vice President of Research and Technology, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran. l Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Urmia Branch, Islamic Azad University, Urmia, Iran. 1 8 2024 32 5 7803 7816 07 01 2024 17 03 2024 Introduction: Human genome consists of the three billion base pairs that has about one percent of genetic variation from one person to another، which determines physical، psychological، and susceptibility to diseases. Among the types of genetic diversity, single nucleotide polymorphisms are one of the most important genetic differences between two people. Single nucleotide polymorphism variation is located in the promoter region, exons، introns، untranslated regions and other Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) regions. While variation in the exon region can change susceptibility to diseases depending on whether it changes the protein structure or affects translation kinetics. Diversity in the promoter region can affect the interaction of genetic and epigenetic elements. Also، variation in the promoter region can affect the DNA methylation status. Polymorphic variation in the intron region can affect Messenger Ribonucleic acid splicing and the function of cis-regulatory elements. Polymorphic variation in the 5' Untranslated region، region causes a change in translation efficiency,، while a change in the 3' Untranslated region binds micro Ribonucleic acids to their position then affects the effects. In some cases، variations in Transfer Ribonucleic acid (tRNA) and Ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) affect the function of these regulatory cis elements. Conclusion: From a clinical point of view, a deep knowledge of this type of genetic variation can help the treatment process, manage patients and understand the prognosis based on these SNPs. Private or personalized medicine is also fundamentally based on genetic diversity. In this article, it was reviewed the types of single nucleotide genetic variation and presented examples of types of cancer, neurological and immunological diseases.   6177 Biochemistry Serum Resistin Levels in Patients with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in an Iranian Population Davoudi Elahe m Nezhadali Masoumeh n Taheri Saba o m Department of Biology, Islamshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Islamshahr, Iran. n Department of Biology, Islamshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Islamshahr, Iran. o Department of Biology, Islamshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Islamshahr, Iran. 1 8 2024 32 5 7817 7826 19 02 2024 29 05 2024 Introduction: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a major global health problem, in which liver fat exceeds 5% of the liver weight, without secondary causes of fat accumulation or excessive alcohol consumption. Resistin plays a key role in energy homeostasis, insulin resistance, inflammation, and metabolic disorders. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between resistin (RETN) level and NAFLD. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 80 patients with NAFLD and 80 healthy individuals as controls were evaluated. Biochemical variables, liver enzymes, insulin, and resistin were measured. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 16 software. Results: The variables of cholesterol, insulin, triglyceride, HDL, body mass index, age, and liver enzymes were significantly different between the two groups of patients with NAFLD and healthy individuals (p<0.05). In patients, resistin was associated with triglyceride (r=0.243, p=0.045). No association was found between resistin level and NAFLD grades (p≥0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that there is a relationship between resistin and NAFLD. There is no association between resistin level and the degree of NAFLD.   6098 Anesthesia Evaluating the Histopathological Effects of Short-term and Long-term Doses of Ketamine Injection on Heart Tissue of Male and Female Rats Yahyaei Behrooz p Gholipour Faeze Khojasteh Leila Gilak Hakimabadi Mohammadbagher Bahoosh Feyzabadi Fatemeh Dankoub Fatemeh Nasehi Melika p Department of Medical Sciences, Shahrood Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrood, Iran. Student Research Committee, Shahrood Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrood, Iran. Department of Medical Sciences, Biological Nanoparticles in Medicine Research Center, Shahrood Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrood, Iran. Department of Medical Sciences, Biological Nanoparticles in Medicine Research Center, Shahrood Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrood, Iran. Student Research Committee, Shahrood Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrood, Iran. Student Research Committee, Shahrood Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrood, Iran. Student Research Committee, Shahrood Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrood, Iran. 1 8 2024 32 5 7827 7835 04 10 2023 17 01 2024 Introduction: Ketamine is a general anesthetic drug that acts by inhibiting the NMDA receptoran important component of excitatory neurotransmission. Existing of NMDA receptors all over the central nervous system and the special type of anesthesia induced by ketamine, called dissociative anesthesia  has led to its use as an analgesic and also paved the way for abuse. Ketamine affects the cardiovascular system by increasing indices such as heart rate, blood pressure, and cardiac output. Methods: For further evaluation of ketamine effects on heart tissue, we used 15 male and 15 female Wistar rats and divided them into 6 groups, including male and female control groups (MC and FC), male and female short-term exposure (MS and FS), and male and female long-term exposure (ML and FL) to ketamine. Each group included 5 Wistar rats. The ML and FL groups received 75mg of ketamine once a week for 4 weeks in the posterior muscle of the thigh and the MS and FS groups received 25mg of ketamine 3 times a week for 4 weeks at the same site. Results: After preparation of histopathological slides, it was observed that only in the group of female mice receiving long-term ketamine, empty spaces and intercellular distances increased, and in the group of male mice receiving long-term ketamine, in addition to the increase of intercellular spaces, tissue accumulations were also observed in the heart tissue. Conclusion: This study showed that long-term ketamine injection in both sexes can cause some qualitative changes in heart tissue. Expanding the duration of long-term exposure to ketamine and more studies based on sexes can lead to more findings. 6130 Dental Comparative Evaluation of Severity of Periodontitis in Patients with and without Dyssomnias Yaghini Jaber Naghsh Narges Naghdi Badi Reyhane Department of Periodontology, Dental Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. Department of Periodontology, Dental Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. Student Research Committee, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. 1 8 2024 32 5 7836 7846 26 11 2023 16 01 2024 Introduction: Sleep disorders can affect on different organs and increase the risk of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, depression, immunity disorders and decrease the bone density. Periodontitis includes inflammation of periodontium because of increased or decreased response of the host immunity to predisposing factors (it can be in presence of systemic diseases). The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between sleep disorders and periodontal diseases. Methods: In this analytic-cross sectional study, 60 individuals clinically healthy that referring to Department of Periodontology of Isfahan Dental School at year 2018-19 categorized into 2 groups: with or without dyssomnias (with PSQI questionnaire). In this study, Sillness and Loe plaque index, Loe and Sillness gingival index and calculus index were investigated. Similarly assessed demographic factors, personal health behaviors and relation between the severity of periodontitis and dyssomnia and were assessed. Data analyzed by SPSS statistics 16 software using independent T-test, Mann-Whitney, Pearson and multinominal regression. Results: Severity of periodontitis had a significant relationship with age, BMI (Body Mass Index), calculus index, frequency of flossing and brushing as well as score of PSQI questionnaire (p<0.5). By controlling age, gender, mass and plaque index, there was a significant relationship between dyssomnias and severity of periodontal disease in the patients with moderate periodontitis (P>0.001) and severe periodontitis (P=0.006), but in the case of mild periodontitis, the relationship was close to the significant level (p=0.087). Conclusion: It seems that dyssomnias is in relation to severity of periodontitis; therefore sleep hygiene may help controlling periodontal diseases. However more studies are needed in this field.   6192 Exercise Physiology Effect of Resistance Training with Coenzyme Q10 Supplementation on the Intracellular Content of NRF2 and NQO1 Proteins in the Hippocampal Tissue of Male Sprague-Dawley Rats Ghani Dehkordi Shakiba Shabkhiz Fatemeh Soori Rahman Amirshaghaghi Farahnaz Department of Exercise Physiology, Aras International College, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. Department of Exercise Physiology, Sport Sciences and Health College, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. Department of Exercise Physiology, Sport Sciences and Health College, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. Department of Exercise Physiology, Sport Sciences and Health College, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. 1 8 2024 32 5 7847 7860 09 04 2024 29 05 2024 Introduction: NRF2 and NQO1 proteins are very important for cell protection; Therefore, the purpose of this research was investigating the effect of resistance training with coenzyme Q10 supplementation on the content of NRF2 and NQO1 proteins in the hippocampus of male Sprague-Dawley rats. Methods: In this experimental study, thirty-two 2-month-old Sprague-Dawley rats with an average weight of 200±20 gr were selected. Rats were randomly divided into four groups: 1-control, 2-resistance training, 3-resistance training+Q10 supplement and 4-Q10 supplement. The resistance training program consisted of climbing a ladder with 26 steps and a slope of 85 degrees, for 8 weeks and 3 sessions every week. The daily consumption of Q10 supplement was 200 mg/kg of body weight of rats. The content of proteins was measured through Western-Blot laboratory method. Data analysis was done by one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc tests and the effect size of eta squared test using SPSS version 16 and Graphpad Prism software version 10.2.3. The significance level was P≤0.05. Results: Eight weeks of resistance training with Q10 supplementation led to a significant change in NRF2 content (F=4.80, p≤0.03, ƞ2=0.64). Tukey's post hoc test showed this significant change between pairs of resistance training groups and Q10 supplement group (p≤0.04); medium effect size was observed in NRF2 content (ƞ2=0.64). No significant difference was observed in NQO1 content (F=3.01, p≤0.09, ƞ2=0.33). A weak effect size was observed in NQO1 content (ƞ2=0.33). Conclusion: Doing resistance training together with Q10 supplementation alone or in combination cannot significantly change the content of NRF2 and NQO1 proteins in the hippocampus of the brain.   6171 Dental Parental Acceptance of Dental Treatment Options for Primary Teeth Mehravar Fatemeh Khodabakhsh Mohammad Salehi Hamed Hakimian Roqayeh Sadoughi Monireh Department of Pediatrics Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. Private Dental Clinic, Yazd, Iran. Private Dental Clinic, Yazd, Iran. School of Dentistry, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. Restorative Department, School of Dentistry, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. 1 8 2024 32 5 7861 7872 07 02 2024 15 04 2024 Introduction: Due to the importance of preserving baby teeth, it is necessary for parents to have correct information about dental services for these teeth, the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the acceptance of suggested treatments for baby teeth by parents. Methods: In this descriptive-cross-sectional study, 218 parents of children under 12 years old who were referred to the Pediatric Dentistry Department of Yazd Faculty of Dentistry in 2022 were randomly included in this study. The acceptance rate of dental treatments was asked by a checklist with 7 comprehensive questions and the answers were recorded. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 16 and Chi-square statistical test. Results: Out of 218 parents who participated in this study, 38 (17.4%) were male and 180 (82.6%) were female. The most acceptable treatments by parents were: pulp treatment (98.6%), dental radiographs (97.7%), tooth extraction (97.2%) and stainless-steel crowns (95%). The lowest rate of acceptance was for general anesthesia (23.4 %), fissure sealant (30.7 %) and sedation technique (36.2 %), respectively. Acceptance of fluoride gel and sedation by mothers was significantly higher than fathers (P <0.05). No statistically significant difference was observed in terms of the age and gender of the child with the acceptance of treatment by their parents (P<0.05). Conclusion: Based on the findings of the present study, the most and the least acceptable treatments according to parents were pulp therapy and general anesthesia services, respectively. Parents' level of education, monthly income, child's age،, and gender did not have a significant impact on parents' acceptance of treatment.   6179 Psychology Evaluation of the Personality Characteristics of Cardiovascular Patients and People with a History of Drug abuse with the Control Group Farezi Meysam Eshaghi Morteza Panbezan Nasrin Mansouri Vahideh Rostami Nafiseh Darabian Samad Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Alborz, Iran Department of Clinical Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, Arak University, Arak, Iran Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran 1 8 2024 32 5 7873 7886 25 02 2024 29 05 2024 Introduction: Personality traits are the basis of stable patterns and emotional and behavioral functioning that affect the risk of contracting chronic diseases and people's ways of understanding health. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the personality traits between cardiovascular patients and the individuals with a history of drug abuse. Methods: The present study was an analytical cross-sectional study on 301 individuals (115 control group, 86 cardiovascular patients and 100 individuals with a history of drug addiction) in the form of convenience and available sampling in Karaj City in 2023. The data were collected using the ZKA personality questionnaire. After collecting the data, they were entered into SPSS version16 software. Independent t-tests, one-way analysis of variance were used for data analysis. Results: In the present study, the mean and standard deviation of the total age of the participants was 41.37±14.76. The participation consisted of 179 (59.4%) men and 122 (39.6%) women. In SS1, EX2, AC4, AG2, NE4, SS4, and EX3 aspects, statistically significant differences were observed between the groups of cardiovascular and the control. In the aspects of AC4, AG2, NE4, EX2, NE2, SS4 and NE and SS factors, a significant difference was observed between the individuals with a history of addiction and the control group. Conclusion: Considering the relationship between personality traits and heart diseases and substance abuse, it is recommended that the results of this study be considered for prevention and appropriate intervention by doctors and health professionals, and these results can also be used to develop treatment programs.