20 2228-5741 Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences 5721 Obstetrics Importance and Surgical Methods of Induction of Endometriosis and Osteoporosis Following Menopause in Rats: an Overview Study Barzegar-Bafrouei Abolfazl b Javdani Moosa c b Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Theriogenology Section, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, Iran c Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Surgery Section, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran. 1 8 2022 30 5 4793 4812 13 04 2022 19 06 2022 Introduction: Endometriosis is one of the main causes of pelvic pain and subfertility, which is characterized by endometrial-like tissues outside the uterus and primarily is created in the pelvic peritoneum, ovaries, walls between the rectum and vagina and in rare cases in the diaphragm, pleura and pericardium. Some risk factors for endometriosis are obstruction in menstrual hemorrhage, an increase in the duration of endogenous estrogen, short menstrual cycles and childbirth at an early age. On the other hand, osteoporosis is a metabolic disease that is determined by bone mineral density and the destruction of the bone microstructure that increases the risk of bone fracture. About 200 million people worldwide are suffering from osteoporosis, that 34% of them are women over 50 years old. The first and most commonly used model for the induction of this disease is the ovariectomy model in rats, which gives a model of the relationship between osteoporosis and menopause. Conclusion: Endometriosis animal models are highly contributing to the development of new non-invasive diagnostic tools and improve therapeutic methods for treatment of endometriosis in women. Although no animal models are absolutely ideal and excellent, but the presence of many similarities in the response of the human skeletal system and rats to reduce estrogen levels and therapeutic compounds caused by the ovariectomy model of the rat, a suitable model for osteoporosis research. The response of rat bones to ovariectomy depends on the type of bone (trabecular against cortical), bone sites (femur, proximal Tibia, and lumbar vertebrae) and it depends on the time elapsed after ovariectomy (the time required to reduce the amount of estrogen levels).
5678 Nursing Evaluation of Evidence-Based Nursing Interventions on Fatigue of Hemodialysis Patients in Iran: A Systematic Review Amini Zakiyeh d Kamali Azadeh e Hejazi Sima Sadat f Armat Mohammad Reza g Roshanravan Mostafa h d Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran. e Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran. f Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran. g Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran. h Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran. 1 8 2022 30 5 4813 4827 11 02 2022 10 04 2022 Introduction: Fatigue is one of the most annoying complaints reported in people undergoing hemodialysis. However, the lack of awareness of health care providers about evidence-based interventions in one hand   and unavailability of information in a coherent manner on the other hand is an important barrier to taking more effective measures. Therefore, it was decided to investigate evidence-based nursing interventions on the fatigue of hemodialysis patients in Iran. Methods: Data collection in this systematic review study was conducted without any time limit in both Persian and English articles by searching on different databases of Iran medical articles bank such as IranDoc databases, elmnet, SID, Google scholar, Magiran, PubMed, Library Cochrane CINAHL, and Scopus. Finally, the findings of each study were entered into the data entry form as a data collection tool. Results: Out of 119 available articles, 25 related articles were reviewed. These studies were conducted between 2012 to 2019.Various interventions such as massage therapy, aromatherapy, care patterns, nutrition therapy, exercise and laugh therapy have been investigated to reduce the fatigue of hemodialysis patients. The results of studies on fatigue reduction have shown that all the proposed interventions can be effective in reducing the fatigue of hemodialysis patients. Conclusion: A look at the evidence-based interventions of various studies shows an increased tendency to control health using complementary medicine and it expresses the importance of combining complementary and clinical medicine, however, its use in hospitals has been neglected 5606 other Effect of Taurine and Curcumin on In-Vitro Fertilization in NMRI Mice Treated with Acrylamide Saberi Roza i Ahmadi Abbas j Khodabandeh Zahra k Alaee Sanaz l i Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran. j Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran. k Stem Cells Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. l Department of Reproductive Biology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. 1 8 2022 30 5 4828 4841 14 11 2021 21 02 2022 Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of taurine and curcumin on in vitro fertilization (IVF) in female mice treated with acrylamideand and its effect on malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). Methods: A total of 48 adult female NMRI mice were randomly divided into 6 groups, including control, curcumin 200 mg / kg, taurine 150 mg / kg, acrylamide 5 mg / kg, acrylamide 5 mg / kg + curcumin 100 and 200, acrylamide 5 mg / kg + Taurine 75 and 150 mg / kg.  The drugs were administered orally for 35 days, and then IVF rate, MDA and TAC concentrations were examined in each group.   Results: The results showed a significant decrease in oocyte, fertilization percentage, 2, 4 and 8 cell, Compact and blastocytes embryos in the acrylamide group compared to the control (P<0.05). In acrylamide group, MDA concentration increased and TAC showed a significant decrease compared to other groups (P<0.05). There was a significant increase in oocyte count and fertilization percentage in taurine group compared to the control (P‌<0.001). A significant increase in the above parameters was observed in the acrylamide + taurine group at a dose of 150 mg / kg compared to the acrylamide group (P<0.05). Percentage of fertilization and embryos of 2, 4 and 8 cells, Compact and blastocytes in the curcumin group showed a significant decrease compared to the control (P<0.05). Conclusion: The results indicate that taurine has a better performance in reducing the side effects of acrylamide than curcumin. Since curcumin can prevent IVF, it should be used with more caution at the beginning of pregnancy.   5148 Exercise Physiology Relationship of BMI with Proteinuria and Hematuria after One Session of Intense Continuous and Interval Exercise in Girls Atashgahian Rahil m Kashef Majid n m Exercise Physiology Department, Sport science faculty, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran, Iran. n Exercise Physiology Department, Sport science faculty, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran, Iran. 1 8 2022 30 5 4842 4850 14 05 2020 05 12 2020 Introduction: Obesity effects on kidney function. Urinary disorders after exercise are also common, and probably due to transient hemodynamic problems in the glomerular and tubular renal function. The purpose of this research is to investigate the relationship of BMI with proteinuria and hematuria after one session of intense continuous and interval exercise in girls. Methods: In this quasi-experimental research, 45 hostelry high school girl students with a mean age of 15.18 ± 0.39 years were randomly selected and in three groups of 15, they ran 1600 meters in a continuous and interval manner. Urine test collected before, one and 24 hours after activity. The results were analyzed by SPSS version 16 software and one way ANOVA and Pearson correlation coefficient. Results: Increased proteinuria was significant one hour (P = 0.002) and 24 hours after activity (P = 0.001) in the continuous group. In the continuous group, the relationship between fat percentage (P=0.017) and body mass index (P=0.001) with protein excretion 24 hours after activity was positive and significant. One hour after activity, protein excretion with fat percentage and Body mass index (BMI) had no significant relationship. Hematuria was also not significant after activity.  Conclusion: Body mass index (BMI) and fat percentage were effective on protein excretion after one session of intense physical activity and had no significant effect on hematuria. Therefore, overweight people were advised to participate in interval exercise to lose weight.   5667 Physiology Evaluation of Morphological Changes in Muscle Fibers and Neuronal Terminals of Motor Neurons in Male Rats from Childhood to Old Age Bagherpour Tabalvandani Mohammad Mahdi o Fadaei Chafy Mohammad Reza p Elmieh Alireza o Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Faculty of Humanities, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran. p Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Faculty of Humanities, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran. Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Faculty of Humanities, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran. 1 8 2022 30 5 4851 4860 23 01 2022 01 05 2022 Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of time and age on morphological changes in male rats. Methods: For conducting this study, 15 male Wistar rats in three age groups of 2 weeks (150-100 g), 6 weeks (250-220 g) and 96 weeks (320-280 g) were kept in Pasargad Tissue and Gene Laboratory in Tehran City for six weeks and 48 hours later they were dissected and the soleus muscles was extracted. Cross-sectional area and number of muscle fibers were measured by light microscopy. Immunohistochemical method was used to measure sema3a and NCAM proteins of muscle fibers. To determine the differences between the groups, one-way analysis of variance with Tukey post hoc test was used at the significant level of p≤0.05. Statistical analysis was performed by Prism5 software. Results: The results showed that there was a significant difference in the cross section of muscle fibers between the three age groups: children and young people (p=0.01), children and the elderly (p=0.049), and finally young people and the elderly (p=0.049). There was also a significant decrease in the number of muscle fibers in the age group of elderly compared to children and elderly to young people (p≤0.001). Moreover, sema3a protein expression increased significantly over time between the age groups of children and young (p≤0.048), children and elderly (p=0.0001) and finally young and elderly (p=0.0001). NCAM protein expression significantly reduced in three age groups: children and young people (p=0.048), children and controls (p=0.0001), and young and elderly people (p=0.001). Conclusion: The results showed that with increasing growth from childhood to youth, hypertrophy increases and decreases in old age, in addition the process of hyperplasia will decrease with age. In addition to proteins involved in axonal growth due to growth decrease and neurodegenerative proteins also increase.   5494 Dental Evaluation of Knowledge and Practice of General Dentists in Yazd City about Infection Control during Preparation of Intraoral Radiographs Esmaeili Masoud Razavi Seyed Hossein Namiranian Nasim Hajirafieiha Mona Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. Diabetes Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. Dental School, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. 1 8 2022 30 5 4861 4874 23 06 2021 27 07 2021 Introduction: Patients, oral health care staff anddentists are exposed to infections and infectious microorganisms during dental imaging. The aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge and practice of general dentists in Yazd City about infection control during the preparation of intraoral radiographs. Methods: This analytical cross-sectional study, examined the knowledge and practice of 81 active dentists in Yazd City who were selected based on convenience sampling method through a questionnaire. To analyze the data, SPSS 16 ,and Pearson's correlation coefficient as well as One-way ANOVA were used. Results: The mean age of the participants was 36.45 ± 9.66 and their mean work experience was 10.03±8.28 years. The mean score of knowledge about infection control during intraoral radiographs was more than 50% and it was evaluated as moderate. There was no statistically significant difference between the mean score of dentists' knowledge in terms of gender (P=0.623), age (P=0.849), work experience (P=0.824) and the year of their graduation (P=0.860), but there was a statistically significant difference between the mean score of dentists' knowledge according to their university of study (P=0.015), so that Yazd School of Dentistry graduates had significantly less knowledge than graduates of other faculties. Conclusion: Considering the importance of infection control in dental radiology and the mean score of dentists' knowledge in the present study, which was moderate, therefore, the need to improve dentists' awareness in this field is emphasized 5597 Medical Education Viewpoints of the Faculty Members on the Patient-Centred Education in Dentistry Sigarchian Taghizadeh Fatemeh Mahmoodi Amir Hossein Akbari Majid Hamidifar Fatemeh Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. Department of Educational Management and Higher Education, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, Central Tehran Branch , Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. Faculty of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. Department of Educational Management and Higher Education, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences , Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. 1 8 2022 30 5 4875 4886 03 11 2021 06 08 2022 Introduction: Proper dental education and meeting the needs of society and the need to change the educational method towards comprehensive patient care becomes more apparent. This study was conducted to investigate the views of faculty members of dental schools towards patient-centred education in dentistry. Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive study, the views of 325 professors of all dental schools in Iran in 2020 were reviewed. The research instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire containing the dimensions and components of patient-centred dental education. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and Friedman test, Smart PLS application with confirmatory factor analysis were used to analyse the data. Results: In this study, the dimensions of patient-centred dental education, including student efficiency, evaluation, educational strategies, participation power, patient, planning and management and structure preparation were studied. Each dimension was examined from the perspective of its components .The results obtained from the confirmatory factor analysis test showed that the amount of factor loads obtained for all components is more than 0.3 and (P<0.05) with values ​​greater than 1.96 and the value of combined reliability for most components is greater than 0.7. Evaluation dimension with an average rank of 5 was in the highest and the patient with an average rank of 2.88 in the lowest and the component need to change the evaluation process with an average rank of 9.15 was in the highest and satisfaction with an average rank of 4.98 in the lowest. Conclusion: Paying attention to the average dimensions and components, which was higher than average, indicates that the professors consider comprehensive patient-centred education suitable for dental education; and the components need to be considered in dental education.   5567 Microbiology Prevalence of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamases Enzymes in Enterobacter Aerogenes Isolated from Urinary Tract Infections in Shahrekord City Shantiaee Shima Tajbakhsh Elahe Momtaz Hasan Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran. Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran. Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran. 1 8 2022 30 5 4887 4896 26 09 2021 01 12 2021 Introduction: Enterobacteriaceae produce the Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamases which is considered as an important resistant mechanism of beta-lactam antibiotics. The resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics is the main problem in the bacterial infections therapy. The prevalence of these enzymes changes in different geographical areas and with time. The present study aims to explore the frequency of the extended-spectrum blaSHV, blaCTX-M, blaTEM, in Enterobacter aerogenes isolated from urinary tract infections in Shahrekord City; the mentioned genes were investigated from the phenotypic and genotypic point of view. Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive study, antibacterial susceptibility patterns of 50 isolates of Enterobacter aerogenes to Cefotaxim, Ceftazidim, Cefterixon and cephalotin were tested using disk diffusion (Kirby-Buer) method. In addition, confirmatory tests for detecting ESBLs phenotypes were performed using Ceftazidim-clavulanic acid and Cefotaxim- clavulanic acid combination disks. Then, the presence of blaSHV, blaCTX-M, blaTEM, genes in the broad-spectrum beta-lactamase producing strains was assessed in the presence of specific primers. Results: Out of 50 isolates of Enterobacter aerogenesis investigated in this study, 32 isolates (64%) were identified to produce broad-spectrum β-lactamases in the phenotypic study of ESBLS, and the prevalence of blaCTX-M, blaTEM and blaSHV was reported as 30%, 20% and 14%, respectively. In the statistical analysis, a statistically significant correlation was observed between resistance to the antibiotic ceftriaxone and the blaCTX-M, gene (p<0.05). Conclusion: The present study suggests that ESBL producing Enterobacter aerogenes isolates have a high prevalence. The increase in the number of these species is often caused due to the irrational prescription of antibiotics, which requires the use of new antimicrobial agents and limiting the unnecessary use of antimicrobial agents and increasing the use of infection control tools.