20 2228-5741 Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences 3315 Epidemiology Estimating the Prevalence and Trends of Obesity in Iran Populations from 2000 to 2011: A Meta-Analysis Study Fallahzadeh Hossein Saadati Hasan Keyghobadi Naeimeh 1 12 2017 25 9 681 689 15 07 2015 05 12 2017 Introduction: Obesity is a global epidemic that is increasing in middle and low income countries. Current study was conducted to estimate the prevalence and trend of obesity between 2000 - 2013. Methods: The study was a systematic review and meta-analysis. The researchers searched in databases, including Web of science, Embase, Medline, WHO, Scopus and Persian databases, including Google scholar, SID, Magiran, and Iran Medex. Finally, 151 articles based on inclusion and exclution criteria included in this study. Results: In 2000-2013, the prevalence of obesity was 8.5% (95% confidence interval [CI], 7.9%-9%) overall, 5.5% (95% CI, 5.1%-6.0%) among <18 years and 15.1% (95% CI, 13.8%-16.5%) among adult also the prevalence of overweight was 17.5% (95% confidence interval [CI], 15.9%-19.1%) overall, 15.1% (95% CI, 13.5% - 17 %) among <18 years and 22.6% (95% CI, 19.5% - 26.1%) among adult. Conclusion: The results showed that the prevalence of overweight and obesity have increased between 2000 to 2005 and 2006 to 2010; and from 2011 to 2013, this trend has decreased and the prevalence of obesity and overweight was greater in persons over 18 years than under 18 years in all three time.
4161 Exercise Physiology Effects of Exercise Training and Saffron Extract on some of the Predictors of Cardiovascular Diseases Tajik Atefe e Zirahian Fatemeh f Shahabi Hoora g Kalani Farideh h e Department of Sport Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education, Department of Physical f Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Damkhan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Damkhan, Iran g Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Semnan, Semnan, Iran h Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Semnan, Semnan, Iran 1 12 2017 25 9 690 700 13 04 2017 29 07 2017 Introduction: The aim of the present research was to investigate the intervention of exercise and saffron supplement on predictors of cardiovascular diseases. Method: The present research was a semi-experimental and applied study. For this purpose, 40 sedentary women were randomly divided into 4 groups: the control, saffron supplement, resistance training-placebo, and resistance training-saffron extract groups. The subjects performed resistance training protocol for 12 weeks. Also, the supplement group received 40 mg of saffron extract. Anthropometric and experimental evaluations were done before and after 12 weeks as pre-test and post-test to investigate the supplement and training interventions. The statistical tests that were run in this study were one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and LSD Post hoc test. Results: The results showed that there was not any significant difference between the different groups in all variables except triglyceride (P < 0.005). LSD post hoc test showed that there was a significant difference between the control group and training with saffron group in variables of CRP, LDL, and insulin resistance (P < 0.005). Inaddition, there was a difference between saffron group and control group only in variable of LDL (P < 0.005). This indicated the special role of saffron in LDL. On the other hand, the results showed there was a significant difference between training-saffron group and placebo in all the variables except the variable of triglyceride (P < 0.005). Conclusion: Resistance training with and without saffron supplement within 12 weeks is an efficient way to improve cardiovascular risk factors. Also, saffron supplement along with resistance training has relatively better and more efficient effects.   4137 Rheumatology Study of the Frequency of Specific Low Back Pain and the Factors Affecting on thePatients Referring to Clinics of Shahid Sadoughi Hospital Sobhan Mohammad Reza i Abrisham Seyyed Mohammadjalil j Ghoraishian Mohammad k Heidarnejad Masoud l Khorshidi Mina m i Department of Orthopedics, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran j Department of Orthopedics, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran k Department of Orthopedics, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran l School of Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Yazd, Iran m School of Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Yazd, Iran 1 12 2017 25 9 701 707 11 03 2017 19 07 2017 Introduction: Low back pain is the most common reason for all physician visits and many people experience it during their life. The reason for this study was to show the frequency analysis of the causes of back pain and  analyzing their association with some clinical and demographic findings. Methods: This analytic cross sectional study was performed on the patients visited in the Clinics of Yazd Shahid Sadoughi Hospital in 2013. Patients with low back pain due to paraclinical findings were included in the study. Results: 200 patients were studied. The frequency of the causes of the pain were discopathy (54%), spondylolisthesis (13%), osteoarthritis (11%), canal stenosis (10%), fracture (7%) and tumor (1%), respectively. There was statistically significant between the causes of back pain and age (p=0.005) as well as the pain duration (p=0.000), but there was not found any significant association among back pain and sex, body mass index (BMI) and job activities. Conclusion: The most common cause of specific back pain is discopathy and spondylolisthesis.  This has to be considered in health care plans to control backache as a common health problem 4174 Genetics Study of Matrix Metalloproteinase -1 Polymorphism and Susceptibility to Bladder Cancer Nikfarjam Delaram n Tafvizi farzaneh o Salehipoure Masoud p n Department of Biology, Parand Branch, Islamic Azad University, Parand, Iran o Department of Biology, Parand Branch, Islamic Azad University, Parand, Iran p Department of Biology, Parand Branch, Islamic Azad University, Parand, Iran 1 12 2017 25 9 708 718 22 04 2017 29 07 2017 Introduction: Matrix metalloproteinase-1 with the destruction of the basement membrane and extracellular matrix not only facilitates the spread of cancer cells, but also with the release of growth factors and angiogenesis plays a key role in cancer cell survival and nutrition. The purpose of this study was to recognize the relation between the polymorphism of Matrix metalloproteinase-1 gene and risk of bladder cancer. Methods: This case-control study included 157 patients with bladder cancer and 143 healthy controls who were age-matched. First, DNA extraction from peripheral blood and then PCR was performed using specific primers. Then, RFLP method was used to evaluate the MMP-1 (-1607) polymorphism. Results: There was no significant difference between the frequency of 1G/1G, 2G/2G allels (P˃0.05). There was no association between polymorphism and susceptibility to bladder cancer [OR:1.23, 95%CI (0.67-2.28),P=0.49]. Conclusion: Due to the lack of association between MMP-1 polymorphism (-1607) and the risk of bladder- cancer, it is suggested that other polymorphisms of the matrix metalloproteinase-1 gene will be investigated 4116 Dental Assessment of Haller’s cells by panoramic radiography in a Selected Iranian population Ghanea Sahar Rahati Ramin Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Rafsanjan university of Medical S ciences, Rafsanjan, IR Iran Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Rafsanjan university of Medical S ciences, Rafsanjan, IR Iran 1 12 2017 25 9 719 727 18 02 2017 18 04 2017 Title: Evaluation of Haller’s Cell in Panoramic Radiography in Selected Iranian Population. Background and purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate Haller cells in panoramic radiography in Iranian population. Examining the Haller cells in this radiography can be helpful in the differential diagnosis of Orofacial Pain.  Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study. 300 panoramic radiographyes were selected including 151 women and 149 men, that they were 18-68 years old. Radiographies were studied by Ahmad et al. Data were analyzed using version 17 of the SPSS software and the Fisher test. Results: The highest number of Haller cells (%33.33) was founded in the age group of 18- 28 years. The most common form was oval (%45/16) and the least, was cardiac (%1.5). The relationship between the shape and number of Haller cells was significant (P-value <0.001). The prevalence of single Haller cells was (%76.66) more than multiple cells (%23.33). The relationship between the shape and position were significant in Haller cells (P-value = 0.036). Most of the Haller cells were on the left side (%43.66) and the least were bilateral (%15.83).  There were no significant relationship between the shape of the Haller cells and gender (P-value = 0.3), and no presence or absence of cavity were found between the shape of the Haller cells (P-value=%13). Conclusion: Haller cells have almost the same prevalence in both genders. The most common form of Haller cells was oval and one-sided, and left-handed. There was no significant difference in the existence of cavity in Haller cells.   4265 Microbiology Evaluation of Mutagenicity and Carcinogenicity of Opium Using the Ames Test Mottaghi Mahnaz Safinejad Kyumars Mohammad Asghari Hassan Islamic Azad University Islamic Azad University Islamic Azad University 1 12 2017 25 9 728 735 24 07 2017 14 10 2017 Introduction: Cancer is one of the most common diseases in the world. Due to the carcinogenic combinations of drug, there is a risk of mutagenic substances in consumers. The aim of this study was to investigate the mutagenicity of opium by the Ames test. Methods: Firstly, the purity of the Salmonella typhimurium strain TA100 was confirmed in terms of purity of mutagenic properties. Then, samples of opium were prepared separately in different volumes and by various repetitions and were added to the culture medium containing TA100 fresh night culture, after that subsequently were compared with negative control (distilled water+ TA100) samples. In that case, colonies were evaluated in terms of mutagenicity in three stages: without the buffer microsomal rat liver (S9) -without pre incubation, with S9– with pre incubation and with S9- without pre incubation. The colonies were evaluated by counting revertant TA100 colonies number. The results were analyzed using ANOVA and Schefe's post hoc test to determine and prioritize the difference in mean of groups based on opium dilution. Results: Results of data analysis and counting of revertant coloniesshowed that opium had mutagenic effect in over 4% dilution. There were significant differences in dilution and repetition of without S9- without pre incubation, with S9- with pre incubation and with S9 without pre incubation compared to the negative controls. Conclusion: The results of this research showed that opium is fully and on all volumes has mutagenic effect. Therefore, we recommend taking these drugs should be avoided. 4268 Epidemiology Prevalence of general obesity and central adiposity and its related factors in adult population of Yazd Mirzaei Masoud Sharifnia Golnaz Khazaei Zaher Sadeghi Erfan Fallahzadeh Hossein Namayandeh Seyedeh Mahdieh Yazd Cardiovascular Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Departments of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran . Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Cardiovascular Diseases Reseach Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. 1 12 2017 25 9 736 747 27 07 2017 14 10 2017 Introduction: Obesity as one of the most important public health problems is growing worldwide and it is associated with many non-communicable diseases. The aim of this study was investigating the prevalence of general obesity and central obesity and their related factors. Methods: The data of this research were extracted from a population health survey of Yazd province, Iran (YaHS), which was conducted on 9911 adults aged 20-70 years in 2014-2015. Body Mass Index (BMI) < 18.5 was considered underweight, in the range of 18.5 -24.9 healthy, from 25 to 29.9 overweight, and ≥30 was interpreted as obese. Central obesity was defined as the waist circumference (WC) of ≥ 102 cm for men and ≥ 88 cm for women as well as waist to hip ratio (WHO) ≥ 0.90 for men and ≥0.85 for women. Chi-square and one-way ANOVA tests were used for univariate analysis. Results:  The prevalence of underweight, overweight, and obesity in both genders were 3.7 % (4.0% in men and 3.4% in women), 37.7% (39.9% in men and 35.6% in women), and 27 % (19.3% in men and 34.7% in women), respectively. The prevalence of abdominal obesity based on WC and WHR were 44.8 (23.9% in males and 65.4% in females) and 69.8% (69.4% in males and 70.2% in females), respectively. Gender (female), old age, being married for both genders, and low education in women were associated with an increase in both types of obesity. Conclusion: Overweight and obesity have affected more than half of the population (64%) and abdominal obesity has high prevalence in Yazd 4279 Exercise Physiology Effect of endurance and high intensity interval swimming training on cardiac structure and Hand2 expression of rats Gharaat Mohammad Ali Kashef Majid Jameie Behnamedin Rajabi Hamid Exercise Physiology Dept., Faculty of Sport Sciences, Shahid Rajaee Teacheer Training University of Tehran, Iran Exercise Physiology Dept., Faculty of Sport Sciences, Shahid Rajaee Teacheer Training University of Tehran, Iran Dept. Basic Sciences, Faculty of Para-medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Exercise Physiology Dept., Faculty of Physical Education & Sport Sciences, Kharazmi University of Tehran, Iran 1 12 2017 25 9 748 758 06 08 2017 14 10 2017 Introduction: Physiological hypertrophy following training manifests with cardiac mass changes. In addition, physical activities lead to Hand2 gene expression as an important gene in cardiac remodeling. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of endurance and high intensity interval Ttraining on Hand2 gene expression and cardiac changes. Method: For this intent, 24 male rats (age 3 months; weight 229.30 ± 15.7 grams) divided randomly into the control (n=6), sham (n=6), interval (n=6) and endurance (n=6) groups. The endurance group swam for 12 weeks/5 days per week whereas swimming time increased incrementally. In addition, interval group swam 12 weeks/4 days per week while the load to body weight ratio and time to rest ratio increased incrementally. Twenty-four hours later, heart weight and left ventricle weight, and Hand2 gene expression were measured. To assess the data, one-way ANOVA was utilized and schaffe test was used to point out the place of significancy (α ≤ 0.05). Results: Findings showed that heart and left ventricle weights after endurance and high intensity interval training were significantly more than the sham and control groups. In addition, Hand2 expression was changed significantly in the endurance (6.76) and interval (6.15) rather than the sham (1.05) and control groups(1 fold). Conclusion: In the situation of the present study, both of Endurance and Interval training regimens increase Hand2 gene expression, heart weight and left ventricle weight. Because of the shorter training time, high intensity interval training can be more beneficial to be executed.