fa اثر عصاره زنیان و کارون بر اختلالات رفتاری القا شده توسط بی‌حرکتی مزمن در رت‌های نر بالغ فیزیولوژی Physiology پژوهشي Original article <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:18.0pt"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">مقدمه:</span></span></b> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">در این تحقیق، اثر عصاره هیدرواتانلی زنیان و کارون (از ترکیبات موجود در زنیان) بر یادگیری و حافظه فضایی و اضطراب در رت&shy;های نر بالغ مواجه شده با استرس بی&shy;حرکتی مزمن بررسی شد.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:18.0pt"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">روش بررسی:</span></span></b> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">در این مطالعه از 60 سر رت استفاده شد و حیوانات به 6 گروه (هر گروه 10 رت تقسیم شدند). رت&shy;ها برای مواجهه با استرس، هر روز 6 ساعت به مدت 21 روز متوالی در مقیدکننده قرار گرفتند و کارون (</span></span><span dir="LTR" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">mg/kg</span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">‌20) و عصاره زنیان (</span></span><span dir="LTR" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">mg/kg</span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"> 500) را به صورت گاواژ دریافت نمودند. یادگیری و حافظه فضایی با استفاده از ماز آبی موریس و اضطراب توسط ماز به‌علاوه مرتفع ارزیابی شد. مطالعات آماری با استفاده از </span></span><span dir="LTR" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">SPSS version.16</span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"> و </span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:.1pt">تجزیه و تحلیل اطلاعات از طریق </span></span></span><span dir="LTR" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="letter-spacing:.1pt">One-way ANOVA</span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:.1pt"> و </span></span></span><span dir="LTR" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="letter-spacing:.1pt">Tukey</span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:.1pt"> انجام گرفت. </span></span></span>&nbsp;<span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"B Nazanin""></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:18.0pt"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">نتایج:</span></span></b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"> بی</span><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">‌‌‌</span><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">حرکتی مزمن باعث شد رت</span><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">‌‌</span><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ها در ماز آبی موریس در مقایسه با گروه کنترل، زمان (</span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">0/01 </span></span><span dir="LTR" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">P <</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">) </span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">و مسافت (</span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">0/05 </span></span><span dir="LTR" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">P <</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">) </span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">بیشتری را برای رسیدن به سکوی پنهان طی کنند و زمان و مسافت کمتری را در ربع دایره هدف شنا کنند (</span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">0/05 </span></span><span dir="LTR" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">P <</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">)</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">. درصد ورود به بازوی باز (</span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">0/001 </span></span><span dir="LTR" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">P <</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">) </span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">در ماز به‌علاوه مرتفع و درصد زمان ماندن در این بازو (</span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">0/01 </span></span><span dir="LTR" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">P <</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">) </span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">نیز در مقایسه با گروه کنترل کمتر بود. تیمار کارون موجب بهبود عملکرد رت</span><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">‌</span><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">های استرسی در ماز موریس شد اما عصاره زنیان اثری بر نقص حافظه حیوانات استرسی نداشت. تیمار عصاره زنیان و کارون موجب افزایش درصد ورود به بازوی باز</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">و درصد زمان ماندن در بازوی باز در حیوانات مواجه شده با استرس شد.</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"B Nazanin""></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:18.0pt"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">نتیجه‌گیری:</span></span></b> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">عصاره زنیان و کارون، رفتار اضطرابی را در رت</span><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">‌</span><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">های مواجه شده با استرس بی</span><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">‌</span><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">حرکتی مزمن کاهش می</span><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">‌‌</span><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">دهند و تیمار کارون از بروز نقص حافظه در این حیوانات جلوگیری می</span><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">‌</span><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">کند. احتمالاً زنیان (تا حدی از طریق کارون) در کاهش آسیب</span><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">‌</span><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">های ناشی از استرس در سیستم عصبی موثر باشد.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:18.0pt"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><b><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Introduction:</span></span></b><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> In this study, we examined the impact of a hydroethanolic extract derived from ajwain and carvone (a compound present in ajwain), on learning, spatial memory, and anxiety levels in adult male rats that were chronically immobilized.</span></span><span b="" dir="RTL" lang="FA" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><b><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Methods:</span></span></b> <span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:#161719">There were 60 rats used in this study, divided into six groups of 10 rats each. </span></span><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">To expose stress, 30 rats (in 3 groups including Stress, Stress-Carvone, and Stress-Ajwain groups) were placed in a restrainer for 6 hours every day for 21 consecutive days. Stress-Carvone and Stress-Ajwain groups received carvone (20 mg/kg) and ajwain extract (500 mg/kg) by gavage respectively. Thirty rats were also used in three groups (Control, Carvone, and Ajwain groups). Spatial learning and memory were studied using the Morris water maze, and anxiety was assessed by the elevated-plus maze.</span></span><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:#161719"></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:18.0pt"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><b><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Results:</span></span></b><b> </b><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Compared to the control group, chronic immobilization caused the rats to swim a longer time (P < 0.01) and distance (P < 0.05) to reach the hidden platform, and a shorter time and distance to swim in the target quarter (P < 0.05) in the Morris water maze. The percentage of entering the open arm in the elevated plus maze (P < 0.001) and the percentage of time staying in this arm (P < 0.01) were lower than the control group.&nbsp; The carvone improved the performance of stressed animals in the Morris maze, but the ajwain extract had no effect on the memory deficit of stressed animals. Furthermore, treating ajwain extract and carvone increased the percentage of entry into the open arm and the percentage of time spent in the open arm in animals exposed to stress.</span></span><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:18.0pt"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><b><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Conclusion:</span></span></b><b> </b><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Ajwain extract and carvone reduce anxiety behavior in rats exposed to chronic immobility stress; carvone treatment prevents memory impairment in these animals. It is possible that the extract of ajwain (partially through carvone) is effective in reducing damage caused by stress in the nervous system.</span></span><b><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"></span></b></span></span></span><br> &nbsp;</div> کارون, زنیان, استرس بی حرکتی مزمن, اضطراب, اختلالات حافظه, رت Carvone, Ajwain, Chronic immobilization stress, Anxiety, Memory Disorders, Rat. 7051 7061 http://jssu.ssu.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-3353-2&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 Zahra Mohammadi زهرا محمدی ms.mohamadi@yahoo.com 0009-0008-3720-5452 No Department of Physiology, Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran. گروه فیزیولوژی، واحد زنجان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، زنجان، ایران. Masoumeh Asle Rousta معصومه اصل روستا mrousta58@gmail.com 0000-0002-2087-5483 Yes Department of Physiology, Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran. گروه فیزیولوژی، واحد زنجان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، زنجان، ایران. Mehdi Rahnema مهدی رهنما meh_rahnema@yahoo.com 0000-0001-9176-5153 No Department of Physiology, Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran. گروه فیزیولوژی، واحد زنجان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، زنجان، ایران.