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Introduction: Restless legs syndrome is a neurological disorder hemodialysis patients seem to suffer more from this syndrome. Although the pathophysiology of restless legs syndrome is still unknown, assessment of factors associated with this syndrome can help to develop medical knowledge in this field. The present study assessed the relationship between restless legs syndrome, serum iron, and serum ferritin levels in patients on hemodialysis. Methods: This descriptive study was carried out with purposive sampling method on 168 hemodialysis patients who referred to the Urmia Taleghani Hospital Hemodialysis Unit. Data were gathered using restless legs syndrome questionnaire and laboratory Index of serum iron and ferritin. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical tests. Results: The study results revealed that 38.7 percent of samples complained from restless legs syndrome whose average score serum iron was 78±29.3 μg. Results showed in hemodialysis patients with restless legs syndrome, serum iron and serum ferritin levels were significantly lower than hemodialysis patients without restless legs syndrome (p=0. 02, p=0.005). Conclusion: Considering the high prevalence of restless legs syndrome in patients with hemodialysis, identification of factors associated with this syndrome and providing the necessary solutions for modifying or eliminating the factors, seem to be necessary. Since the relationship between indicators of iron and ferritin and restless legs syndrome in hemodialysis patients is confirmed, the results can be helpful in the treatment and management of these patients.

Keywords: Restless legs Syndrome; Ferritin; Iron; Hemodialysis

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