The Journal of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences

fa بررسی ارتباط وضعیت تغذیه با شاخص‌های عملکردی سارکوپنی در زنان سالمند ساکن خانه‌های سالمندان بخش دولتی Association Between Nutritional Status and Functional Indicators of Sarcopenia Among Elderly Women Living in Public Nursing Homes عمومى General پژوهشي Original article <div style="text-align: justify;">مقدمه: سارکوپنی یکی از مهم‌ترین نشانههای سالمندی است که با کاهش توده عضلانی، افت قدرت و محدودیت عملکرد جسمانی همراه بوده و کیفیت زندگی سالمندان را تحت‌تأثیر قرار می‌دهد. هدف این مطالعه بررسی وضعیت تغذیه و ارتباط آن با شاخص‌های سارکوپنی شامل قدرت عضلانی، تودهی عضلانی و عملکرد جسمانی در زنان سالمندِ ساکن در خانه‌های سالمندان شهر قزوین بود. روش بررسی: این پژوهش بهصورت مقطعی-توصیفی روی 120 زن سالمند ساکن مراکز نگهداری دولتی انجام شد. داده‌ها با استفاده از پرسشنامه جمعیت‌شناختی، پرسشنامه تغذیه‌ای، آزمون‌های غربالگری سارکوپنی (قدرت عضلانی، دور ساق پا و عملکرد جسمانی) و تن‌سنجی گردآوری شد. برای تحلیل داده‌ها از آمار توصیفی و آزمون همبستگی پیرسون در سطح معناداری 05/0 استفاده گردید. نتایج: مشخص شد که 33/28 درصد افراد موردپژوهش دچار سوء تغذیه، 50 درصد در معرض خطر و تنها 66/21 درصد دارای وضعیت تغذیه مطلوبی بودند. بین وضعیت تغذیه مطلوب با قدرت عضلانی (04/0P=)، توده عضلانی (01/0P=) و عملکرد جسمانی (03/0P=) ارتباط مثبت و معنیداری وجود داشت. در مقابل، سوء تغذیه و قرارگیری در معرض خطر ابتلا به آن نیز بهطور معنیداری با کاهش هر سه این شاخصها (01/0 > P) همراه بود. نتیجه&rlm;گیری: وضعیت تغذیه تعداد کمی از سالمندان پژوهش حاضر در سطح مطلوب و استاندارد قرار داشت و این مسئله با افت قدرت، تودهی عضلانی و کاهش عملکرد جسمانی مرتبط بود. لذا بهبود وضعیت تغذیه همراه با مداخلات ورزشی میتواند نقش موثری در حفظ قدرت، توده عضلانی و عملکرد جسمانی در بین زنان سالمند و مدیریت سارکوپنی داشته باشد.  </div> <div style="text-align: justify;">Introduction: The rapid aging of the population in Iran has posed a significant challenge to the healthcare system regarding the maintenance of functional independence in the elderly. Within this demographic, sarcopenia and malnutrition represent critical concerns, exhibiting a notably higher frequency- especially among elderly women in public nursing facilities- stemming from socioeconomic limitations and disparities in service accessibility.  Even though extensive research exists, there remains a notable void in our understanding of the relationship between nutritional health and the measurable markers of sarcopenia within this vulnerable population. Therefore, the present study was designed and conducted to investigate this association among elderly women living in public nursing homes in Qazvin, Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 120 elderly women residing in public nursing homes in Qazvin City during spring 2024. The sample size was calculated using the Cochran formula, and participants were selected through convenience sampling. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire and the standardized Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) questionnaire, encompassing four domains: anthropometry, dietary habits, global assessment, and self-perception of health (score range: 0–30). Sarcopenia-related indicators were evaluated based on the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS 2019) guidelines, including muscle strength measured with a hydraulic dynamometer (weakness threshold <18 kg), muscle mass assessed by calf circumference using a measuring tape (sarcopenia threshold <33 cm), and physical performance elevated through the 4-meter gait speed test, the 5-time chair stand test, and self-report. For 11 participants with severe mobility limitations, height was estimated using the Chumlea formula. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, and Pearson’s correlation coefficient at a significance level of 0.05, with SPSS version 24. Results: The prevalence of malnutrition and risk of malnutrition was 28.33% and 50%, respectively, while only 21.66% of the participants had an optimal nutritional status. Optimal nutrition was significantly and positively associated with muscle strength (r=0.76, P=0.04), muscle mass (r=0.79, P=0.01), and physical performance (r=0.33, P=0.03). Conversely, malnutrition demonstrated a significant negative correlation with muscle strength (r=-0.80, P=0.001), muscle mass (r=-0.85, P=0.01), and physical performance (r=-0.61, P=0.002). Among those with optimal nutrition, 91.6% had normal or strong muscle strength and 100% had normal muscle mass, whereas in the malnutrition group, 100% showed impaired physical performance and 25% were unable to perform basic activities. Conclusion: The elevated prevalence of malnutrition is associated with a marked reduction in muscle strength, mass, and physical performance, underscoring the necessity of regular nutritional screening and combined dietary-exercise interventions in public nursing homes. Despite limitations such as the cross-sectional design and the lack of gold-standard methods for body composition assessment, the focus on a high-risk and understudied subgroup represents a strength of this research. Ultimately, these results provide a foundational framework for evidence-based policymaking aimed at the early detection and management of sarcopenia, as well as improving the overall quality of life for vulnerable elderly individuals. Introduction: The rapid aging of the population in Iran has posed a significant challenge to the healthcare system regarding the maintenance of functional independence in the elderly. Within this demographic, sarcopenia and malnutrition represent critical concerns, exhibiting a notably higher frequency- especially among elderly women in public nursing facilities- stemming from socioeconomic limitations and disparities in service accessibility.  Even though extensive research exists, there remains a notable void in our understanding of the relationship between nutritional health and the measurable markers of sarcopenia within this vulnerable population. Therefore, the present study was designed and conducted to investigate this association among elderly women living in public nursing homes in Qazvin, Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 120 elderly women residing in public nursing homes in Qazvin City during spring 2024. The sample size was calculated using the Cochran formula, and participants were selected through convenience sampling. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire and the standardized Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) questionnaire, encompassing four domains: anthropometry, dietary habits, global assessment, and self-perception of health (score range: 0–30). Sarcopenia-related indicators were evaluated based on the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS 2019) guidelines, including muscle strength measured with a hydraulic dynamometer (weakness threshold <18 kg), muscle mass assessed by calf circumference using a measuring tape (sarcopenia threshold <33 cm), and physical performance elevated through the 4-meter gait speed test, the 5-time chair stand test, and self-report. For 11 participants with severe mobility limitations, height was estimated using the Chumlea formula. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, and Pearson’s correlation coefficient at a significance level of 0.05, with SPSS version 24. Results: The prevalence of malnutrition and risk of malnutrition was 28.33% and 50%, respectively, while only 21.66% of the participants had an optimal nutritional status. Optimal nutrition was significantly and positively associated with muscle strength (r=0.76, P=0.04), muscle mass (r=0.79, P=0.01), and physical performance (r=0.33, P=0.03). Conversely, malnutrition demonstrated a significant negative correlation with muscle strength (r=-0.80, P=0.001), muscle mass (r=-0.85, P=0.01), and physical performance (r=-0.61, P=0.002). Among those with optimal nutrition, 91.6% had normal or strong muscle strength and 100% had normal muscle mass, whereas in the malnutrition group, 100% showed impaired physical performance and 25% were unable to perform basic activities. Conclusion: The elevated prevalence of malnutrition is associated with a marked reduction in muscle strength, mass, and physical performance, underscoring the necessity of regular nutritional screening and combined dietary-exercise interventions in public nursing homes. Despite limitations such as the cross-sectional design and the lack of gold-standard methods for body composition assessment, the focus on a high-risk and understudied subgroup represents a strength of this research. Ultimately, these results provide a foundational framework for evidence-based policymaking aimed at the early detection and management of sarcopenia, as well as improving the overall quality of life for vulnerable elderly individuals.</div> سارکوپنی, وضعیت تغذیه, عملکرد جسمانی, زنان, مراکز نگهداری سالمندان, سوءتغذیه, قدرت عضلانی, توده عضلانی Sarcopenia, Nutritional Status, Physical Performance, Women, Nursing Homes, Malnutrition, Muscle Strength, Muscle Mass 10261 10270 http://jssu.ssu.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-5561-1&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 maryam Asgari مریم عسگری maryamasgari13571357@gmail.com 0009-0002-9606-035X No Department of Sports Nutrition, Faculty of Social Sciences, Raja University, Qazvin, Iran گروه تغذیه ورزشی، دانشکده علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه رجاء، قزوین، ایران Mostafa Soltani مصطفی سلطانی mostafasoltani553@yahoo.com 0000-0001-7657-4228 No Department of sport Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran گروه علوم ورزشی، دانشکده علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه بین‌المللی امام خمینی (ره)، قزوین، ایران Zohreh Eskandari زهره اسکندری z.eskandari@raja.ac.ir 0000-0002-5795-7247 No Department of Sports Nutrition, Faculty of Social Sciences, Raja University, Qazvin, Iran گروه تغذیه ورزشی، دانشکده علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه رجاء، قزوین، ایران reyhane zarbaf ریحانه زرباف r.zarbaf@cfu.ac.ir 0000-0001-6380-7141 Yes Department of Physical Education, Farhangian University, Tehran, Iran گروه آموزش تربیت‌بدنی، دانشگاه فرهنگیان، تهران، ایران