Introduction: Seizure is the most common pediatric neurology problem that occurs in 10% of children. The purpose of this study was to determine the recurrence rate of seizures after one year and its relationship with paraclinical findings of the first attack. Methods : In a historical cohort analytic study , 131 children with first seizure admitted to Shaheed Sadoughi Hospital between March 2004 to August 2005 were evaluated for recurrence rate during one year and its relationship with serum levels of sodium, potassium , glucose, calcium , Hb , MCV and PMN during the first attack. Results: 79.4% of cases were in febrile seizure group and 20.6% in first unprovoked seizure group (FUS).Of the total, 27.84 % of patients had seizure recurrence ( 27.9% in febrile and 25.9% in afebrile group). Mean survival recurrence rate was 10.11±0.32 SD months (10.25±0.33 SD months in febrile group and 9.57±0.83 SD months in FUS). Survival analysis showed that seizures recurred later in older patients. Younger age and lower Hb levels in the febrile seizure group and lower MCV in the FUS group were associated with an increased risk of recurrence. Conclusion: In this study, anemia and microcytic RBC were risk factors for seizure recurrence. Therefore, more studies should be done so as to decrease seizure recurrence by treating and preventing anemia.

Keywords: Seizure recurrence, Febrile seizure, First unprovoked seizure

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