Introduction: With recent identification of vitamin D receptors in various tissues, including immune System the importance of this vitamin has been realized. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of a single mega dose of 300,000 IU of vitamin D after delivery in women with gestational diabetes after 3 months follow-up on the status of inflammatory factors influencing insulin resistance Methods: This randomized clinical trial study with the follow-up period of 3 months included 45 women who had been diagnosed for the first time in their recent pregnancy as diabetics and were randomly divided into intervention group(IG) and control group(CG). The IG group received an IM dose of 300,000 units of vitamin D. Glycosylated hemoglobin A1C (HBA1C), 25-OH vitamin D, and two-hour glucose, TNF-α, IL-1, CRP, and adiponectin levels were measured. Results: Mean adiponectin levels before and after intervention showed no significant difference, but only in IG group, the levels were significantly increased. Median concentration of 25-OH vitamin D levels in the study group before and after intervention was 24.25 and 62.1 nmol/L, respectively (P-value<0.001), while the figures in the CG were 25.3 and 24.1 nmol/L, respectively (P-value=0.02). Median TNF-α levels in IG was 6.2 pg/L at the start of the intervention and reduced to 3.05 pico grams/L at the end of intervention, while in CG, this value increased from 1.25 to 3.953.05 pg/L. Median IL-1 at the beginning and end of intervention showed no significant difference between the two groups. Conclusion: IM administration of a mega-dose supplement of vitamin D(300,000 IU) to women with gestational diabetes after delivery improves vitamin D status, reduces the pro-inflammatory factor TNF-α and increases adiponectin levels.

Keywords: Diabetes, Gestational; Adiponectin; Interleukins; Tumor, Necrosis Factors-alpha

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