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Introduction: The toxicity of gentamycin in the kidney seems to be related to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). There is evidence that pretreatment with oxygen increases the rate and activity of antioxidant enzymes. Methods: In this experimental study, forty eight female rats (Sprague Dawlley) were divided into 6 groups randomly (8 in each) as follows: group 1 was the control and for other groups different doses of oxygen with Gentamycin was used for 8 days intra-peritoneally (100 mg/kg ). 24-hour urine samples were collected after the final injection. Blood samples were collected and serum was prepared. The left kidney was fixed in formal saline. Serum MDA, creatinin and urea, as well as urine creatinine were measured. 5-micron tissue sections were prepared and stained by Periodic Acid Shift method. Volume density of proximal tubules, necrosis of proximal tubules and lymphocytic infiltration were studied. The data were analyzed by Mann-Whitney test at significant level of p <0.05. Results: Pretreatment with oxygen was effective significantly in two groups of 6 and 4 compared to group 2. The effectiveness was found in inhibition of serum MDA, improving serum, urinary urea and creatinine, preserving tubular volume density, and reducing tubular necrotizing and lymphocyin filtration. Conclusion: Pretreatment with oxygen and its concomitant use can improve renal tissue changes, serum urea and creatinine in gentamycin-induced nephrotoxicity, but cannot preserve them at the same level of control.

Keywords: Anti-oxidant; Free radicals; Gentamycin; Pretreatment with oxygen

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